The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[The Doms of the Eastern districts.] 7. Like so many of the lower
castes the Eastern Doms profess to have seven endogamous sub-castes.
According to the Mirzapur enumeration these are,—Magahiya; Bânsphor;
Litta; Domra or Domahra; Jallâd or Hatyâra; Dharkâr; and Harchanni;
which last take their name from the famous Râja Harischandra, whose
legend is given in connection with the Bhangis. Again, in Bânda, we
have a list of so-called exogamous sections or gotras inasmuch as they
will not give a bride to a section from which within memory they have
taken a bride. These sections are Tarkiya; Gepar; Gemar or Gaymar;
Pesadeli, Barhel; Hazâriya; Usarbarsa; Kundahor; Dharkâl or Dharkâr;
Chamrel; Chureliya; Satchuliha; Samand; Asrent; Mahtama; Naharkârei;
Mungariya; Nanet; Kaithel; Suador; Jugin; Nagarband; Dhaunsiya; Birha;
Sarkhiya; Baksariya; Gujariya; Lungtaya or Langotiya. Some of these
names probably denote some connection with other tribes, as the Chamrel
with Chamârs, Kaithel with Kâyasths, and Gujariya with Gûjrat. Others
are perhaps occupational or totemistic; but we know at present too
little of the origin or metamorphosis of these section names to make
any speculations as to their meaning of any value.
8. From Gorakhpur, again, we have another enumeration which is thus
described by Mr. J. Kennedy:—“The Doms say that they formerly
cultivated and owned the land, but when pressure came the Magahiyas
divided into two great sub-divisions—the Magahiyas and the Bânsphors.
The Magahiyas took to thieving, while the Bânsphors were content to
weave baskets and cultivate what land they could. These two
sub-divisions do not intermarry, and it must be remembered that my
notes relate to the thieving class alone, Magahiyas proper, who count
themselves the true, original stock. They always describe themselves as
sub-divided into seven distinct families; but excluding the Bânsphors,
of whom I have spoken, there are really six—Sâwant; Balgai; Chaudhari;
Chauhân; Bihâri, and Hazâri. The most of these names are taken from the
Hindus, and as Hazâri is a Muhammadan title of honour, this division
into families is probably of a comparatively recent date. Chaudhari and
Chauhân are evidently also meant as honorific titles, and at the time
the division was first made it must have been purely artificial. The
families have no recollection of any common ancestor, nor have they any
cult in memory of the founder. The Bânsphors, I am told, have no such
sub-divisions. The recent and artificial origin of the six
sub-divisions is, therefore, tolerably certain; they are imitations of
Hinduism, and the only use to which they are put is to regulate
marriage. Neither Magahiyas nor Bânsphors can marry their first cousins
by blood, and this was probably the original rule. Besides this no
Sâwant can marry a Sâwant or a Balgai, but any of the six families can
intermarry with any other. The wandering gangs of Magahiyas are
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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