The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
Dhunârs, and are for the most part engaged in agriculture. The Daryas
are village sorcerers, and conjure away hailstorms and the like, for
which service they receive annual dues of grain. The Chamârs call
themselves Bairsawa, and will never acknowledge the name of Chamâr.
They sew leather and perform all the usual service duties of the Dom.
43. The fourth class includes the professional beggars and vagrant
musicians of the Hills—the Bâdi, Hurkiya, Darzi, and Dholi. The Bâdi is
the village musician; in the plains he is considered to be a Nat. He
plays on various instruments and sings at festivals. He goes from
village to village begging from door to door, and belongs to the class
of sturdy beggars who, if they do not get what they expect, lampoon the
people of the house and abuse them. For these reasons they are, to some
extent, feared, and are able to maintain themselves at the expense of
their neighbours. They also snare fowl and fish. The Hurkiya are so
called from the small double drum (huruk, huruka) shaped like an
hourglass which he carries. This is an archaic musical instrument like
the damaru, which is one of Siva’s emblems. They never take to
agriculture, and wander about with their women, who dance and sing. The
Darzi, also called Auji and Suji, lives by tailoring, though often
solely by agriculture. To the Darzi class belongs the Dholi so called
from beating the drum (dholak). This is done by way of incantation to
cause sprites and ghosts to enter or leave the person of any one, and
so induce that person to give money to the performer. The Darya, Bâdi,
Hurkiya, and Dholi are all Doms, and “are in the hills the recognised
priests of the malignant spirits of the hill and glen, whose aid is
always sought after before anything serious is undertaken or any
difficult task is attempted. It is the Doms who preserve to the present
day the pure demonism of the aborigines, while the Khasiyas temper it
with the worship of the village deities, the named and localised divine
entities, and furnish from their ranks the priests. Most of the Barhais
belong to the Orh division of the Doms, and the Chunapaz or
lime-burners belong to the Agari and Lohâr branches of the Doms.
Finally there is a class known as Domjogi, who are beggars. The portion
of the village site assigned to Doms is in the hills known as Domaura
or Domtola, like the Chamrauti where the Chamârs of the plains
congregate.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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