The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Manners and customs.] 2. The best available account of the manners and
customs of the real Bhîls is that given by a writer in the Râjputâna
Gazetteer: [55]—“All Bhîls go about armed with the tribal weapons, bows
and arrows; except the headmen and others of consequence, who carry
swords. They are a dirty race. The men wear their hair long, and
hanging in uncombed masses from their shoulders. Their women are small
and ugly, those of rank being distinguishable by the number of brass
rings on their legs, often extending from the ankle to the knee. They
kill and eat kine and are much addicted to spirits, vast quantities of
which are consumed on festive occasions, which frequently end in
quarrels and bloodshed. Fond of fighting, they resort to their weapons
on the slightest provocation, but their most serious affrays arise out
of cattle-lifting and the abduction of women. If a Bhîl run away with a
betrothed girl, a feud will frequently ensue, which will not end till
the villages of both sides have been burnt and many lives lost. As a
rule they keep tolerably quiet in the winter and the rainy season; but
in the summer, between the gathering in of the last harvest and the
sowing of the next, they begin raiding on each other; and even the
richest think this time, which hangs heavily on their hands, favourable
for paying off old scores. There are sixty different sections of the
Bhîl tribe in Bânswâra.
[Marriage.] 3. “Bhîl children are not betrothed by their parents in
their childhood. A Bhîl girl is often unmarried up to the age of twenty
or twenty-five. Her father can take no steps of his own accord for his
daughter’s marriage; were he to do so, suspicion would be aroused that
there was something wrong with the girl. His friends can take steps on
his behalf, but he himself must wait for a proposal from the father of
some eligible lad, which he can entertain or not as he pleases. Should
he accept the proposal, the lad’s father, having provided himself with
a couple of pots of liquor, will return to complete the ceremony of
betrothal (sagari), sitting down under some large tree or other cool
spot in the village. The girl’s father and his friends join them, and
the question as to the amount of money to be paid by the father of the
lad to the father of the girl is there and then disposed of. This
amount varies according to the means and status of the parties
concerned from thirty to sixty rupees. When this is settled, the father
of the boy makes a cup of leaves of the Dhâk tree (Butea frondosa), and
placing it on the top of the pot of liquor, puts inside it two annas
worth of copper coins. The girl’s brother or some other boy among her
relations then takes the coin and turns the cup of leaves upside down.
The betrothal is then complete; and nothing remains but to drink the
liquor, which is done on the spot. The girl’s father then kills a goat
and gives a feast to his future son-in-law and his father, after which
the latter return home.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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