[Occupation.] 29. Most of them are hereditary serf ploughmen (harwâha). The usual wages are three sers of coarse grain per diem and ten annas in cash per mensem. In winter they get a blanket, and in the rains a palm leaf umbrella hat (khumari): at the beginning and ending of the sowing season they get a special dinner from their masters. Some have risen in the social scale, cultivate on their own account, and keep cattle and sheep. Some of the Mirzapur Bhuiyas are makers of catechu (khair), and are hence known as Khairaha. They are quiet, industrious, simple, confiding people. [Local organization.] 30. They have a local organization called “the unity” (eka) embracing a group of villages. When any one encroaches on their rights they meet and discuss the matter. [Clothes and jewelry.] 31. The women are tolerably decently dressed. The men’s dress is sometimes terribly scanty. Women wear no ornament in the nose: in the ears they wear palm leaf ornaments (tarki); on the neck beads (guriya), and necklaces; on the hands mattiya, and rings on the fingers. The men wear brass earrings and bead necklaces. Bhuiyâr: Bhuînhâr.—A Dravidian tribe in the hill country of South Mirzapur. They are also known as Beonriha from beonra, which is a local term for the dahya system of cultivation by which patches of jungle are periodically burnt down and brought under the plough. Mr. Jonathan Duncan in one of his reports speaks of them under the name of Bewariyas, and describes them as being in such an exceedingly wild and uncivilised state as not to have attended him to make their settlement. [93] It is needless to say that they have no connection with the semi-gipsy Bâwariyas. The tribe is also known as Baiga, because large numbers of the aboriginal local priests are derived from this caste. The word Bhuînhâr (Sanskrit, bhûmi-kâra) means “land-holder,” and is a title of some of the allied tribes, e.g., the Mundas. [94] They are probably identical with the Bhuryas described by Dr. Ball. [95] It is hardly necessary to say that they have no connection with the regular half Brâhman half Kshatriya Bhuînhârs of the Gangetic valley. [Tribal constitution.] 2. The Mirzapur Bhuiyârs can name fifteen exogamous septs (kuri). Five of these, the Khagoriha, Suidaha, Khatkariha, Deohariya, Chargoriha, are admittedly local septs, deriving their names from the villages in which they originated. They have branched off in comparatively recent times. The original ten septs are probably in a large degree of totemistic origin. These are Bhuînhâr or “land-holder;” Nâpan, “the measurer;” Bhûsar, “the chaff men;” Bhall, “arrow men;” Sisi; Bunbun, the bumble bee; Karwa, “bitter;” Râê, “leader;” Daspût, son of a slave; Bhaniha, “he that has the rays of the sun,” many of which are possibly nicknames. If any of these titles were originally totemistic their significance has now been lost.