The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
[Various superstitions, omens, oaths, exorcisms.] 27. Friday is their
lucky day, and Saturday is unlucky. The numbers three and five are
lucky. The note of the Suiya bird singing on the left is a favourable
meeting omen. The East is the lucky direction. They swear on the head
of their sons, and by holding the tail of a cow. These oaths are used
for the decision of private disputes concerning tribal discipline. They
believe in magic and witchcraft. Only special sorcerers (ojha) and
witches (tonahi) have this power. They attack their victims by throwing
dust on them, and making them eat some special food, which brings the
victim under their influence. The Ojha prescribes in cases of witch or
ghost possession. He names the particular bhût which is at the root of
the mischief, and directs an offering of a fowl or a young pig, which
he sacrifices and eats himself. Ojhas also pretend to be able to
foretell the future. They do not believe much in dreams, except as an
indication that the deceased ancestors are displeased with them. They
believe in the Evil Eye, which is a power residing principally in
persons born on Saturday. There are special spells (mantra) to obviate
it. Any member of the tribe can learn and use these.
[Social observances.] 28. The women tattoo themselves in the way common
to all the allied tribes. They will not touch a Dom, Dharkâr, Dhobi, or
Chamâr; nor the wife of the wife’s elder brother, the wife of the
younger brother, or the mother of the wife or husband of their son or
daughter. In the morning they will not mention a monkey or a tiger.
They do not eat the flesh of the cow, buffalo, monkey, crocodile,
snake, lizard, or jackal. They eat pork, fowl, fish, and rats. Women do
not eat with men; the men eat first and women afterwards. They use
tobacco and liquor freely, and the latter is considered to ward off
malaria. But habitual drunkenness is discreditable. Younger people
salute their elders in the pâêlagi form, and the elders give the
blessing, nîkê raho, “may you be happy.” Old men are cared for, and
women, who are much used in outdoor and domestic work, appear to be
treated with a tolerable amount of consideration. But if they are
disobedient, wives are beaten by their husbands. Doms and Dharkârs will
eat their leavings. They will eat food cooked by Brâhmans, Râjputs, or
Banyas, and Ahîrs. Among the aboriginal tribes the only ones from whose
hands they will eat food are the Kharwârs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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