Page PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii I. NOVA SCOTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. BIRTH AND TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 III. THE OLD COLONIAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 IV. THE FIGHT FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . 47 V. RAILWAYS AND IMPERIAL CONSOLIDATION . . . . . . . . 91 VI. BAFFLED HOPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 {xi} ILLUSTRATIONS THE TRIBUNE OF NOVA SCOTIA--AFTER A SPEECH IN MASON HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . _Frontispiece_ From a colour drawing by C. W. Jefferys. THOMAS CHANDLER HALIBURTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . Facing page 42 From an engraving in the Dominion Archives. SIR JOHN HARVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 86 From a portrait in the John Ross Robertson Collection, Toronto Public Library. JOSEPH HOWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 124 From a painting by T. Debaussy, London, 1857. Reproduced in Chisholm's 'Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe.' JOSEPH HOWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 144 From a photograph by Notman, taken about 1871. {1} CHAPTER I NOVA SCOTIA Joseph Howe was in a very special sense at once the child and the father of Nova Scotia. His love for his native province was deep and passionate. He was one in whom her defects and excellences could be seen in bold outline; one who knew and loved her with unswerving love; who caught the inspiration of her woods, streams, and shores; and who gave it back in verses not unmeet, in a thousand stirring appeals to her people, and in that which is always more heroic than words, namely, civic action and life-service. 'Joe' Howe was Nova Scotia incarnate. Once, at a banquet somewhere in England, in responding to the toast of the colonies, he painted the little province he represented with such tints that the chairman at the close announced, in half fun, half earnest, that he intended to pack up his portmanteau that night and start for Nova Scotia, and he advised all {2} present to do the same. 'You boast of the fertility and beauty of England,' said Howe, in a tone of calm superiority; 'why, there's one valley in Nova Scotia where you can ride for fifty miles under apple blossoms.' And, again: 'Talk of the value of land, I know an acre of rocks near Halifax worth more than an acre in London. Scores of hardy fishermen catch their breakfasts there in five minutes, all the year round, and no tillage is needed to make the production continue equally good for a thousand years to come.' In a speech at Southampton his description of her climate was a terse, off-hand statement of facts, true, doubtless, but scarcely the whole truth.