TROPICAL PLANTS USED FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES. Cotton--Its Cultivation in the United States--Caoutchouc and Gutta Percha--Manner in which these resins are collected-- Indigo--The British Logwood cutters in Honduras--Brazil Wood-- Arnatto 188 CHAPTER XVII. TROPICAL SPICES. The Cinnamon Gardens of Ceylon--Immense profits of the Dutch-- Decline of the Trade--Neglected state of the Gardens--Nutmegs and Cloves--Cruel monopoly of the Dutch--A Spice Fire in Amsterdam--The Clove Tree--Beauty of an Avenue of Clove Trees-- The Nutmeg Tree--Mace--The Pepper Vine--The Pimento Tree 197 CHAPTER XVIII. TROPICAL INSECTS, SPIDERS, AND SCORPIONS. Gradual increase of Insect life on advancing towards the Line-- The Hercules Beetle--The Goliath--The Inca Beetle--The Walking-leaf and Walking-stick Insects--The Soothsayer-- Luminous Beetles--Tropical Spiders--Their gaudy colours-- Trap-door Spiders--Enemies of the Spiders--Mortal Combat between a Spider and a Cockroach--Tropical Scorpions--Dreadful Effects of their sting 205 CHAPTER XIX. INSECT PLAGUES AND INSECT SERVICES. The Universal Dominion of Insects--Mosquitoes--Stinging Flies--_Œstrus Hominis_--The Chegoe or Jigger--The _Filaria Medinensis_--The Bête-Rouge--Blood-sucking Ticks--Garapatas-- The Land-leeches in Ceylon--The Tsetsé Fly--The Tsalt-Salya-- The Locust--Its dreadful Devastations--Cockroaches--The Drummer--The Cucarachas and Chilicabras--Tropical Ants--The Saüba--The Driver Ants--Termites--Their wonderful Buildings-- The Silkworm--The Cochineal--The Gumlack Insect--Insects used as Food and Ornaments 221 CHAPTER XX. THE MALAYAN RACE. Physical Conformation of the Malays--Betel Chewing--Their Moral Character--Limited Intelligence of the Malays--Their Maritime Tastes--Piracy--Gambling--Cock-fighting--Running A-Muck!--Fishing--Malayan Superstitions--The Battas--Their Cannibalism--Eating a Man alive--The Begus--Aërial Huts-- Funeral Ceremonies--The Dyaks--Head-Hunting--The Sumpitan-- Large Houses 253 CHAPTER XXI. THE TROPICAL OCEAN. Wanderings of an Iceberg--The Tropical Ocean--The Cachalot-- The Frigate Bird--The Tropic Bird--The Esculent Swallow--The Flying-fish--The Bonito--The White Shark--Tropical Fishes-- Crustaceans--Land Crabs--Mollusks--Jelly Fish--Coral Islands 266 CHAPTER XXII. THE PAPUANS AND POLYNESIANS.