His lost epic of ‘Lancelot’ 47 His obscurity 48 An anecdote from his life 49 CHAPTER VI. SOCIAL POSITION OF PROVENÇAL POETS. Joglars and Troubadours 52 Troubadours exclusively lyrical poets 52 Their social origin 53 The sons of citizens 54 Priests 55 Reigning Princes 55 Richard I. of England 56 William IX. of Poitiers 57 Protectors of the Troubadours 58 Reward of the Troubadours 59 Their friendship with princes 60 Intercourse with noble ladies 60 Frequently innocent 61 CHAPTER VII. THE JOGLAR. Singers and musical composers 63 Distinction between troubadours and joglars 64 Joglars chiefly narrative poets 67 Guiraut Riquier’s attempted reform 68 His ‘Suplicatio’ 71 CHAPTER VIII. TRACES OF POPULAR SONG—THE PASTORELA. Guiraut Riquier’s pastorelas 77 Gui d’Uisel’s pastorelas 84 Marcabrun’s pastorelas 85 CHAPTER IX. OTHER POPULAR FORMS. The alba 86 Its oldest form dramatic 87 Guiraut de Bornelh’s alba 87 The common form of the alba 88 Alba by an anonymous poet 91 The serena 93 CHAPTER X. THE BALADA. Its age 94 Artistic and popular 95 Subject of the balada love 96