The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manualTrouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Science
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual
Trouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Astronomy -- Pictorial works
The elliptical nebulæ, as their name implies, are elongated, elliptical
objects; but while some of them are only slightly elongated ovals,
others form ellipses whose eccentricity is so great that they appear
almost linear. In all these objects the light is more or less condensed
towards the centre; but while in some of them the condensation is
gradual and slight, in others it is so great and sudden that the centre
of the nebula appears as a large diffused star, somewhat resembling the
nucleus of a comet. From the general appearance of these objects, it is
not unlikely that some of them are either flattish, nebulous disks, like
the planetary nebulæ, or nebulous rings, seen more or less sidewise.
The condensation of light at their centres does not appear to be
stellar, but nebulous like the rest, and it is a remarkable fact that
very few, if any, of these objects are resolvable into stars.
Several elliptical nebulæ are remarkable for having a star at or near
each of their foci, or at each of their extremities. Such are the
elliptical nebulæ in Draco, Centaurus, and Sagittarius, Nos. 4,419,
3,706 and 4,395 of the General Catalogue, the last of which is in the
vicinity of the triple star _μ_ Sagitarii. Each of these nebulæ has a
star at each of its foci, while No. 1, in Cetus, has a star at each of
its extremities.
Among the most remarkable elliptic nebulæ may be mentioned Nos. 1,861
and 2,373 of Sir J. Herschel's catalogue, both situated in the
constellation Leo. The first is one of Lord Rosse's spiral nebulæ, and
the last, which is a very elongated object, is formed of concentric oval
rings, which are especially visible towards its central part. The
constellation Draco is particularly remarkable for the number of
elliptical nebulæ found within its boundaries. Among them are Nos.
3,939, 4,058, 4,064, 4,087, 4,415, etc., which are quite remarkable
objects of their class. No. 4,058, of which I have made a study, is
bright, and has a decided lenticular form with a condensation in the
centre. Its following edge is better defined than the preceding. In Lord
Rosse's telescope this object exhibits a narrow, dark, longitudinal, gap
in its interior.
By far the largest and the finest object of this class is the great
nebula in Andromeda. Although this object belongs rather to the class of
irregular nebulæ, yet it is generally considered as an elliptic nebula,
since its complicated structure, being less prominent, was not
recognized until 1848, when it was perceived by George P. Bond, Director
of the Harvard College Observatory. This, the first nebula discovered,
was found in 1612 by Simon Marius. It is situated in the constellation
Andromeda, in the vicinity of the star _ν_, and almost in a line with
the stars _μ_ and _β_ of the same constellation. It is visible to the
naked eye, and appears as a faint comet-like object. It is represented
at the upper left hand corner of Plate XIII., on the border of the
Milky-way, as it appears to the naked eye.
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