The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual — John Shaqi
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manualTrouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Science
The Trouvelot astronomical drawings manual
Trouvelot, E. L. (Etienne Leopold)
Astronomy -- Pictorial works
A daily study of the solar protuberances, continued for ten years, has
shown me that these objects are distributed on two zones which are
equidistant from the solar equator, and parallel with it. The zone
arrangement of the protuberances is more easily recognized during the
years of minimum solar activity, as in these years the zones are very
narrow and widely separated. During these years the belt of
protuberances is situated between 40° and 45° of latitude, north and
south. In years of great solar activity the zones spread considerably on
either side of these limits, especially towards the equator, which they
nearly reach, only a narrow belt, usually free from protuberances,
remaining between them. Towards the poles the zones do not spread so
much, and there the space free from protuberances is considerably
greater than it is at the equator.
During years of maximum solar activity, the protuberances, like the
Sun-spots and the faculæ, are very numerous, very large, and very
complicated--sometimes occupying a great part of the whole solar limb.
As many as twenty distinct flames are sometimes observed at one time. In
years of minimum solar activity, on the contrary, the prominences are
very few in number, and they are of small size; but, as far as my
observations go, they are never totally absent.
In general, the solar flames undergo rapid changes, especially those
which are situated in the vicinity of Sun-spots, although they
occasionally remain unchanged in appearance and form for several hours
at a time. The protuberances situated in higher latitudes are less
liable to great and sudden changes, often retaining the same form for
several days. The changes observed in the protuberances of the
equatorial regions are due in part to the comparatively great changes in
their position with respect to the spectator, which are occasioned by
the rotation of the Sun. This rotation, of course, has a greater angular
velocity on the equator than in higher latitudes. In most cases,
however, the changes of the equatorial protuberances are too great and
too sudden to be thus explained. They are, in fact, due to the greater
solar activity developed in the equatorial zones, and wherever spots are
most numerous.
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