“It will possibly be objected here, that even common Experience
shows us, there is not in Fact this Equality: Some we see
hearty, brisk and cheerful perpetually, while others are
constantly burden’d with a heavy ‘Load of Maladies and
Misfortunes, remaining for Years perhaps in Poverty, Disgrace,
or Pain, and die at last without any Appearance of
Recompence.’... And here let it be observed, that we cannot be
proper Judges of the good or bad Fortune of Others; we are apt
to imagine, that what would give us a great Uneasiness or a
great Satisfaction, has the same Effect upon others; we think,
for instance, those unhappy, who must depend upon Charity for a
mean Subsistence, who go in Rags, fare hardly, and are despis’d
and scorn’d by all; not considering that Custom renders all
these Things easy, familiar, and even pleasant. When we see
Riches, Grandeur and a chearful Countenance, we easily imagine
Happiness accompanies them, when often times ’tis quite
otherwise: Nor is a constantly sorrowful Look, attended with
continual Complaints, an infallible Indication of
Unhappiness.... Besides some take a Satisfaction in being
thought unhappy, (as others take a Pride in being thought
humble,) these will paint their Misfortunes to others in the
strongest Colours, and leave no Means unus’d to make you think
them thoroughly miserable; so great a Pleasure it is to them to
be pitied; Others retain the form and outside Shew or Sorrow,
long after the thing itself, with its Cause, is remov’d from the
Mind; it is a Habit they have acquired and cannot leave.”
A very sharp insight into human nature is shown in this passage, and it
is not surprising that the boy who wrote it afterwards became a mover of
men. His mind was led to the subject by being employed to print a book
which was very famous in its day, called “The Religion of Nature
Delineated.” He disliked its arguments, and must needs refute them by
his pamphlet “Liberty and Necessity,” which was certainly a most
vigorous mental discipline for him, although he was afterwards
dissatisfied with its negative conclusions.
Obscure and poor as he was, he instinctively seized on everything that
would contribute to his education and enlargement of mind. He made the
acquaintance of a bookseller, who agreed for a small compensation to
lend him books. His pamphlet on Liberty and Necessity brought him to the
notice of Dr. Lyons, author of “The Infallibility of Human Judgment,”
who took him to an ale-house called The Horns, where a sort of club of
free-thinkers assembled. There he met Dr. Mandeville, who wrote “The
Fable of the Bees.” Lyons also introduced him to Dr. Pemberton, who
promised to give him an opportunity of seeing Sir Isaac Newton; but this
was never fulfilled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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