Keith was no longer governor. Miss Read, despairing of Franklin’s
return, had yielded to the persuasions of her family and married a
potter named Rogers, and Keimer seemed to be prospering. But the young
printer was in a business that he liked. He was devoted to Mr. Denham,
with whom his prospects were excellent, and he thought himself settled
at last. In a few months, however, both he and Mr. Denham were taken
with the pleurisy. Mr. Denham died, and Franklin, fully expecting to
die, made up his mind to it like a philosopher who believed that there
was nothing beyond the grave. He was rather disappointed, he tells us,
when he got well, for all the troublesome business of resignation would
some day have to be done over again.
Finding himself on his recovery without employment, he went back again
to work at his old trade with Keimer, and before long was in business
for himself with a partner. He had never paid Mr. Vernon the money he
had collected for him; but, fortunately, Mr. Vernon was easy with him,
and, except for worrying over this very serious debt and the loss of
Miss Read, Franklin began to do fairly well, and his self-education was
continued in earnest.
It was about this time that he founded the club called the Junto, which
he has described as “the best school of philosophy, morality, and
politics that then existed in the province.”
This description was true enough, but was not very high praise, for at
that time Pennsylvania had no college, and the schools for children were
mostly of an elementary kind. Franklin, in making this very sweeping
assertion, may have intended one of his deep, sly jokes. It was the only
school of philosophy in the province, and in that sense undoubtedly the
best.
It was a sort of small debating club, in which the members educated one
another by discussion; and Franklin’s biographer, Parton, supposes that
it was in part suggested by Cotton Mather’s benefit societies, which
were well known in Boston when Franklin was a boy.
The first members of the Junto were eleven in number, young workmen like
Franklin, four of them being printers. The others were Joseph
Brientnal, a copier of deeds; Thomas Godfrey, a self-taught
mathematician, inventor of the quadrant now known as Hadley’s; Nicholas
Scull; William Parsons, a shoemaker; William Maugridge, a carpenter;
William Coleman, a merchant’s clerk; and Robert Grace, a witty, generous
young gentleman of some fortune. The Junto was popularly known as the
Leather-Apron Club, and Franklin has told us in his Autobiography of its
methods and rules:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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