And although such evidence is not conclusive and must be accepted with great caution, it seems safe to say that the facts--of which I have given a few only of the most common--are sufficient to suggest that the relation among the lower forms of life persists up to the human species, and that the female is the result of surplus nutrition and the male of scarcity. This is sufficient for our present purpose; all other questions and theories brought forward regarding the determination and conditions of the sexes are outside our purpose. Those who will survey the evidence in detail will find ample confirmation of the point of view I wish to make clear. (1) All species are invented and tolerated by Nature for parenthood and its service; (2) the demands laid upon the female by the part required from her are heavier than those needed for the part fulfilled by the male. The female it is who is mainly responsible to the race. And for this reason the progress of the world of life has always rested upon and been determined by the female half of life. What I wish to establish now is that the male developed after and, as it were, from the female. The female led, and the male followed her in the evolution of life. FOOTNOTES: [8] Haeckel, _Generelle Morphologie der Organismen_, Vol. II. p. 16. [9] Thomson, J. Arthur, _Heredity_, p. 29. [10] Thomson, J. Arthur, _Heredity_, p. 33. [11] Ward, _Pure Sociology_, p. 307. [12] See Ward, _op. cit._, pp. 304-314, from whose chapter on this subject I have taken these facts. [13] _Evolution of Sex_, pp. 137-138, 161. [14] Geddes and Thomson, in _The Evolution of Sex_, pp. 117-123, 135-140, give many interesting and corroborative examples. [15] Geddes and Thomson, _The Evolution of Sex_, pp. 40-52, 249-250; give a complete exposition of this theory with many examples. See also Thomas, _Sex and Society_, pp. 4-43. CONTENTS OF CHAPTER III GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION I.--_The Early Position of the Sexes_