And if it be objected that one man's conscience may say that an act is right, which another man's conscience says is wrong, we must remember that the decision of a man's conscience, only refers to the man himself. It tells a man what is right _for him_, with his knowledge and surroundings, and it is quite possible that this may be wrong for another man. These, then, are the moral attributes of the human race, and it follows at once that man is a _free and responsible being_. But as this conclusion is often disputed, because of the similarity between animals and men, and the difficulty of admitting that they also are free and responsible beings, or else of showing where the distinction lies, we must examine this subject. (_C._) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANIMALS AND MEN. Now the _bodily_ difference between certain animals and men is admittedly small; and though the accompanying _mental_ difference is enormous, it is probably only one of degree; for all animals seem, to some slight extent, to possess a mind, which enables them at least to feel conscious of pleasure and pain. We must therefore pass on to the _moral_ attributes of animals; and as we know nothing as to their feelings on the subject, it is difficult to say (referring to the first three points) whether they have a _free will_ or not. Of course, if they have _not_, that would be a clear distinction between animals and men. But we have no right to assume this, and there is a good deal to be said on the other side, at least in regard to the higher animals, so the question had better be left open. But with regard to the next point, that of _known_ freedom, we are on surer ground; for the proof of man's _believing_ himself to be free does not depend solely on his own feelings. It is shown by his acts, as it enables him to _design_, and it is doubtful if there is anything corresponding to this in animals. For though many of their works show design somewhere, it does not seem to be due to _them_. This kind of unconscious designing (which strange to say is most apparent in the _lower_ forms of animal life) is called _instinct_, and there are at least three reasons for thinking that it differs from real design implying forethought.