The Turkish Empire, Its Growth and DecayEversley, G. Shaw-Lefevre (George Shaw-Lefevre), Baron
History
The Turkish Empire, Its Growth and Decay
Eversley, G. Shaw-Lefevre (George Shaw-Lefevre), Baron
Turkey -- History
In the following year, 1697, Mustapha again marched with his army
from Belgrade into Hungary, without any definite plans as to what he
proposed to do. After many councils of war and much irresolution, it
was decided to advance northwards to the River Theiss. The Austrian
army was now under command of Prince Eugène of Savoy, who, we have
seen, made his début at the siege of Vienna. He was the ablest general
of his time. The two armies met at Zenta on the River Theiss, about
sixty miles above its junction with the Danube. The Turks had erected
a bridge over the river at this point. The Sultan and his cavalry,
and a great part of the artillery, had already crossed the bridge.
The infantry were still on the other side. Prince Eugène with his
army, coming suddenly upon them, caught the Turkish army _in flagrante
delicto_, divided by the river. Advancing in a wide crescent, he
attacked the whole line of the Ottoman infantry who had not crossed
the river. There was great confusion in the ranks of the Ottomans and
discord among the leading officers and a want of direction. A large
body of Janissaries mutinied on the field of battle and began to
massacre their officers. There ensued an overwhelming defeat of the
Ottomans. Twenty-six thousand Turks were slain on the battlefield and
ten thousand were drowned in their attempt to cross the river.
The Grand Vizier, four other viziers, and a great number of pashas
and thirty aghas of Janissaries were killed; four hundred and twenty
standards were captured. The Sultan, who had witnessed the battle
from the other side of the river in comparative safety, was able to
escape with some of his cavalry to Temesvar, and thence he returned to
Belgrade and Constantinople. This experience satisfied his military
ardour, and he never again appeared at the head of his army. An
immense booty fell into the hands of the Austrians. All the Turkish
guns were captured. What remained of the army defeated at Zenta found
its way to Belgrade, and thence returned to Adrianople, while Prince
Eugène crossed the Danube into Bosnia and made himself master of the
greater part of that province. This great victory of the Austrians,
after fourteen years of almost uninterrupted success, decided not only
the campaign but the war in their favour, and marked irrevocably the
decadence of the military power of the Ottoman Empire.
Six days after the battle the Sultan, in his peril, turned once more
to the Kiuprili family for help. In place of the Grand Vizier, who had
been killed at Zenta, he appointed Hussein Kiuprili, a son of the elder
brother of Mahomet Kiuprili, and therefore a cousin of Ahmed. Until
the siege of Vienna he had given himself up to a life of pleasure, but
after that grave defeat of the Turks he filled with great distinction
many high posts in the government. He was the fourth member of his
family to hold the position of Grand Vizier, and showed himself fully
capable of bearing the burden.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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