The uncivilized races of men in all countries of the world; vol. 2 of 2: Being a comprehensive account of their manners and customs, and of their physical, social, mental, moral and religious characteristicsWood, J. G. (John George)
History
The uncivilized races of men in all countries of the world; vol. 2 of 2: Being a comprehensive account of their manners and customs, and of their physical, social, mental, moral and religious characteristics
Wood, J. G. (John George)
Anthropology; Ethnology; Manners and customs
If the reader will refer to illustration No. 2, on the 924th page,
he will be able to understand the general appearance of this curious
vessel. The two canoes are covered over, so as to keep out the water,
and are connected by a platform which projects over the outer edges of
both boats. Hatchways are cut through the platform, so as to enable the
sailors to pass into the interior of the canoes. In the illustration
a man is seen emerging from the hatch of the outer canoe. Upon this
platform is erected a sort of deck-house for the principal person on
board, and on the top of the deck-house is a platform, on which stands
the captain of the vessel, so that he may give his orders from this
elevated position, like the captain of a steamboat on the paddle-box
or bridge. This position also enables him to trace the course of the
turtle, if they should be engaged in the profitable chase of that
reptile.
The mode of managing the vessel is extremely ingenious. The short mast
works on a pivot at the foot, and can be slacked over to either end of
the vessel. When the canoe is about to get under way, the long yard is
drawn up to the head of the mast, and the latter inclined, so that the
mast, the yard, and the deck form a triangle. The halyards are then
made fast, and act as stays. When the vessel is wanted to go about, the
mast is slacked off to the other end, so that the stern becomes the
bow, the tack and the sheet change places, and away goes the vessel on
the other course.
It will be seen that such a canoe sails equally well in either
direction, and, therefore, that it can be steered from either end. The
rudder is a very large oar, some twenty feet in length, of which the
blade occupies eight, and is sixteen inches wide. The leverage of such
an oar is tremendous, and, in a stiff gale, several men are required
to work it. In order to relieve them in some degree, rudder-bands are
used; but even with this assistance the men have great difficulty in
keeping the canoe to her course, and are nearly sure to receive some
very sharp blows in the side from the handle of the steering oar.
Sometimes a sudden gust of wind, or a large wave, will bring round the
rudder with such violence that the handle strikes a man in the side
and kills him. With all these drawbacks, canoe sailing is a favorite
occupation with the Fijians, who are as merry as possible while on
board, singing songs to encourage the steersman, watching the waves
and giving notice of them, and adding to the joyous tumult by beating
any drum that they may happen to have on board. Even when the wind
fails, and the canoe has to be propelled by poling if she should be in
shoal water, or by sculling if she should be too far out at sea for the
poles, the crew do their work in gangs, which are relieved at regular
intervals, those who are resting singing songs and encouraging those
who are at work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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