The development of the movement in the New England states 36 The development of the movement in the West 37 The naming of the Road 44 CHAPTER III THE METHODS OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Penalties for aiding fugitive slaves 47 Social contempt suffered by abolitionists 48 Espionage practised upon abolitionists 50 Rewards for the capture of fugitives and the kidnapping of abolitionists 52 Devices to secure secrecy 54 Service at night 54 Methods of communication 56 Methods of conveyance 59 Zigzag and variable routes 61 Places of concealment 62 Disguises 64 Informality of management 67 Colored and white agents 69 City vigilance committees 70 Supplies for fugitives 76 Transportation of fugitives by rail 78 Transportation of fugitives by water 81 Rescue of fugitives under arrest 83 CHAPTER IV UNDERGROUND AGENTS, STATION-KEEPERS, OR CONDUCTORS Underground agents, station-keepers, or conductors 87 Their hospitality 87 Their principles 89 Their nationality 90 Their church connections 93 Their party affinities 99 Their local standing 101 Prosecutions of underground operators 101 Defensive League of Freedom proposed 103 Persons of prominence among underground helpers 104 CHAPTER V STUDY OF THE MAP OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD SYSTEM Geographical extent of underground lines 113 Location and distribution of stations 114 Southern routes 116 Lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York 120 Routes of the New England states 128 Lines within the old Northwest Territory 134 Noteworthy features of the general map 139