liberty."[252] Jonathan H. Gray, Milton Hill and John H. Frazee were conductors at Carthage, Indiana, and are said to have helped over 150 fugitives.[253] "Thousands of fugitives found rest" at Ripley, Brown County, Ohio.[254] During the lifetime of General McIntire, a Virginian, who settled in Adams County, Ohio, "more than 100 slaves found a safe retreat under his roof." Other helpers in the same state rendered service deserving of mention. Ozem Gardner, of Sharon Township, Franklin County, "assisted more than 200 fugitives on their way in all weathers and at all times of the day and night."[255] It is estimated by a friend of Dr. J. A. Bingham and George J. Payne, two operators of Gallia County, that the line of escape with which these men were connected was travelled by about 200 slaves every year from 1845 to 1856.[256] From 1844 to 1860 John H. Stewart, a colored station-keeper of the same county, kept about 100 fugitives at his house.[257] Five hundred are said to have passed through the hands of Thomas L. Gray, of Deavertown, in Morgan County.[258] Ex-President Fairchild speaks of the "multitudes" of fugitives that came to Oberlin, and says that "not one was ever finally taken back to bondage."[259] Many other stations and station-agents that were instrumental in helping large numbers of slaves from bondage to freedom cannot be mentioned here. [242] William Birney, _James G. Birney and His Times_, p. 435. [243] Smedley, _Underground Railroad_, p. 56. [244] Letter of Mrs. Pamela S. Thomas, Schoolcraft, Mich., March 25, 1896. [245] Letter of Mrs. Laura S. Haviland, Englewood, Ill., June 5, 1893. [246] Letter of M. M. Fisher, Medway, Mass., Oct. 23, 1893. [247] E. G. Mason, _Early Chicago and Illinois_, 1890, p. 110. [248] Letter of Sarah C. Pennypacker, Schuylkill, Pa., June 8, 1896. [249] Letter of H. B. Leeper, Princeton, Ill., Dec. 19, 1895. [250] Letter of E. S. Hill, Atlantic, Ia., Oct. 30, 1894. [251] Wilson, _Rise and Fall of the Slave Power_, Vol. II, p. 67. [252] Letter of W. D. Schooley, Nov. 15, 1893. [253] Letter of James H. Frazee, Milton, Ind., Feb. 3, 1894. [254] Henry Howe, _Historical Collections of Ohio_, Vol. I, p. 335. See also _History of Brown County, Ohio_, p. 443. [255] _History of Franklin and Pickaway Counties, Ohio_, p. 424. [256] Letter of Dr. N. B. Sisson, Porter, Gallia Co., O., Sept. 16, 1894. [257] Letter of Gabe N. Johnson, Ironton, O., November, 1894. [258] Article in the _New Lexington_ (O.) _Tribune_, signed "W. A. D.," fall of 1885; exact date unknown. [259] Henry Howe, _Historical Collections of Ohio_, Vol. II, p. 380.