EXILES IN SIBERIA. TOILING IN A SIBERIAN MINE.—A DARING ESCAPE.—HOW IT WAS PLANNED.—TUNNELLING TO LIBERTY.—DISARMING GUARDS.—WORKING IN THE DARK AND WITHOUT FRESH AIR.—A MURDEROUS ATTEMPT.—CUSTOMS OF THE SIBERIAN PEASANTRY.—CARE FOR THE EXILE.—A SURPRISE.—A NARROW ESCAPE FROM DEATH.—LIVING IN A MOUNTAIN GLEN.—HUNTING IN THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS.—KILLED BY AN ARGAL.—SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE.—HOW TO OBTAIN PASSPORTS.—SAFE ARRIVAL AT HOME. 599 XLI. LEAD MINES OF IOWA. BLUFFS AT DUBUQUE, IOWA.—THE LEAD MINES.—HOW LEAD IS FOUND THERE.—INDIAN DISCOVERIES.—HOW THE SECRET BECAME KNOWN.—STORY OF THE SIX INDIANS.—FOLLOWING THEIR TRACKS.—AN INDIAN TRAITOR.—AN EXPLORER’S ADVENTURE.—THE INDIAN GUIDE AND THE GREAT SPIRIT.—MURDER OF TWO EXPLORERS.—USES OF ABANDONED SHAFTS AND CAVES.—AN EDITOR’S DISCOVERY.—AN UNDERGROUND BANQUET.—UPS AND DOWNS OF A LEAD MINER.—DEATH OR A FORTUNE.—A DANGEROUS BLOW.—A MINUTE OF GREAT PERIL. 613 XLII. MINING IN THE BLACK HILLS. THE WONDERFUL MINE UNDER LAKE SUPERIOR. FIRST REPORTS OF GOLD IN THE BLACK HILLS.—DISCOVERY OF PLACER DEPOSITS.—THEIR EXTENT AND RICHNESS.—DEADWOOD AND RAPID CREEK.—SAD FATE OF AN EARLY EXPLORING PARTY.—VALUABLE QUARTZ VEINS.—MODE OF REACHING THE COUNTRY.—OTHER RESOURCES OF THE BLACK HILLS REGION.—BRILLIANT PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE.—A REMARKABLE MINE UNDER LAKE SUPERIOR.—CURIOSITIES OF SILVER ISLET.—WORKING UNDER DIFFICULTIES.—ORES OF UNEXAMPLED RICHNESS.—MINING ADVENTURES UNDER THE LAKE.—NEW ROUTE TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH. 622 XLIII. CALIFORNIA AND HER TERRESTRIAL TREASURES. WONDERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.—CALIFORNIA IN 1835.—CAUSE OF HER RAPID PROGRESS.—THE HONEST MINER OF THE OLDEN TIME.—FATE OF THE FORTY NINERS.—EFFORTS OF A NOVICE.—RUSHES TO NEW PLACERS.—CHANGE FROM PLACER TO QUARTZ MINING.—GRASS VALLEY.—EXTENT OF THE GOLD-BEARING RIDGE.—AMALGAMATING PROCESSES.—SPECULATIONS IN MINING STOCKS.—HOW A SHARP NEW YORKER WAS SOLD.—A LUCKY HIT.—COPPER MINES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA.—NEW ALMADEN AND ITS QUICKSILVER.—BENEFITS OF AN EARTHQUAKE. 633 XLIV. RAPID TRANSIT. RAPID TRANSIT IN NEW YORK.—THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY SCHEMES.—ELEVATED RAILWAY LINES.—THE WEST SIDE RAILWAY.—TRAVELLING ON LAMP POSTS.—ADVANTAGES OF A SECOND STORY ROAD.—ADVENTURES WITH THIEVES.—PERILS OF THE MODERN STREET CAR.—ARTISTIC PACKING OF PASSENGERS.—THE PNEUMATIC RAILWAY.—VANDERBILT’S SCHEME.—AN UNCOMFORTABLE JOURNEY.—SHOT FROM A GUN. 644 XLV. THE TUNNELS, AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD IN LONDON.