The Underground World: A mirror of life below the surface — John Shaqi
The Underground World: A mirror of life below the surfaceKnox, Thomas Wallace
History
The Underground World: A mirror of life below the surface
Knox, Thomas Wallace
Caves; Mines and mineral resources; Social history -- 19th century; Tunnels
Wells of similar character exist in the United States, but they are
mostly of artificial origin. They are found in the vicinity of Oil
Creek, and that region of Western Pennsylvania which has been baptized
as Petrolia. Thousands of devotees have worshipped in the vicinity of
these wells, and many of them owe their fortunes to the modern God
of Fire; but it is doubtful if many of them worship the wells with
that religious devotion and reverence which are found among the fire
worshippers of the far east.
[Sidenote: A WIRE TRAMWAY.]
A novelty in the way of carrying coal may be seen at the Harewood
coal mine, at Nanaimo, British Columbia. The mines are situated at a
considerable elevation above the sea-level, and the intermediate
ground is covered with trees and rocks, while several deep ravines
intercept the grounds. Under such circumstances, the construction of
a railway would be costly and require much time, as several viaducts
would be required, and the road at some places would have to make
considerable curves. The proprietor of the mines therefore decided to
avoid all these difficulties, on putting up a wire tramway in a direct
line from the mine to the port, by means of which the ravines could
be spanned without expense, and the timber on the ground could be
converted into the necessary posts.
There are in all ninety-seven posts, put up to such a height that the
wire spanned over them forms a softly inclining plane. The distance
between them is from 150 to 250 feet. The wire rope is of the best
crucible steel, specially made for the purpose, and is 6-1/2 miles
in length; each post having a pair of groove-pulleys two feet in
diameter, over which the wire moves. The rope is driven at the lower
end by an engine of 20 horse-power, which is sufficient to drive the
line when carrying 12 tons per hour.
The driving machinery is fitted with drums 10 feet in diameter; at
the mine the rope simply passes round a 10-foot drum. Two hundred and
fifty iron buckets, each with a capacity of 2 cwt. of coal, are fitted
with a patent hanger and box-head, by means of which all jolting,
when passing over the supports, is avoided. This tramway has been
transporting, during eight months, about 120 tons of coal per day, and
no accident or stoppage has occurred.
[Illustration: WIRE RAILWAY AT THE HARWOOD COAL MINES, BRITISH
COLUMBIA.]
Many other tramways of the same nature have been recently put in
operation in various parts of the world, as, for instance, in
Mauritius, where they have been successfully applied to the carriage
of sugar-cane; also in New Zealand, where they are used for carrying
manganese ore.
[Sidenote: ESTIMATE OF COAL.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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