Acetic acid is also produced by the oxydation of alcoholic liquids, especially cider and wine, and in this impure and diluted form is called vinegar. In chemical works it is generally classed among the derivatives of alcohol. _Camphorated Acetic Acid._—This is largely used as a pungent and refreshing perfume, to remove fetid odors from bodies. Take of Camphor, half ounce, Acetic Acid, 6½ fluid ounces. Pulverize the camphor by means of a few drops of alcohol and dissolve it in the acetic acid. _Aromatic Vinegar._—This is another pungent and reviving perfume, formerly deemed a preventive of contagion, and which will be found very useful in removing foul smells from the chamber of death. Take of Camphor, 2 ounces, Alcohol, sufficient quantity to pulverize the Camphor, Oil of Cloves, 1 fluid ounce, Acetic Acid, very strong, 12 fluid ounces. _Acetone, or Pyroacetic Spirit, and Pyroxilic Spirit, or Wood Naptha._—These are products of the distillation of wood, which are separated from the acid liquors after they are saturated with lime by simple distillation and rectification. Owing to its cheapness, pyroxilic spirit has been extensively used in England, as a substitute for alcohol in the arts and manufactures. _Uses of Crude Pyroligneous Acid._—This acid having been incidentally described as the source of the acetic acid of commerce, it may be proper in this place to notice its uses. It acts on the principle of an antiseptic and a stimulant; the former property being chiefly due to the presence of creasote. Several cases in which it was successfully employed in the preservation of animal matter are reported by Dr. T. Y. Simmons, of Charleston, S. C. The crude acid has been so advantageously used for the above purpose that Mr. Wm. Ramsey was led to perform with it some very interesting experiments. Some fresh fish, simply dipped in the acid and afterwards dried in the shade, were effectually preserved, and when eaten, at the end of eight months, were found very agreeable to the taste. Fresh beef, dipped in the acid in summer for the space of a minute, was perfectly sweet the following spring. _Carbolic Acid, or Phenylic Acid._—It occurs in castor and the urine of many domestic animals. Coal tar is distilled, the product between 300° and 400° is saturated with a strong solution of potassa, the oil is removed, the salt decomposed by muriatic acid; the carbolic acid washed with water, dried with chloride of calcium, rectified, cooled to about 12° F., the liquid decanted and the crystals quickly dried. It is in long colorless needles; not very soluble in cold water; more so in hot water; in all proportions in alcohol and ether; also soluble in concentrated acetic acid.