The teeth present, in their combinations, the greatest analogy to
bone; the principal and organized substance of the teeth is indeed
true bone, containing indeed less cartilage and more phosphate of
lime than other bones. The enamel, which is an inorganic secretion
from the surface of the long tooth, is almost destitute of any animal
matter.
_Of the Composition of the Blood._—Blood is, in the higher classes
of animals, an opaque, thick, red fluid; it has a salty and nauseous
taste, and a peculiar smell, resembling that of the animal whence it
has been derived.
When the blood of any red blooded animal is allowed to rest, it
gradually forms a soft jelly, from which, after some time, a thin
yellowish fluid (serum) separates, while the red jelly or coagulum
contracts in volume and acquires great consistence. If this
coagulation of the blood takes place slowly, the upper portion of
the coagulum becomes white or pale yellow; forming thus, the buffy
coat. There is no doubt that the blood, while in connection with the
animal, participates in its life, and the phenomena of coagulation
are to be referred to a new arrangement of its materials consequent
on the loss of that vitality.
The serum of the blood, when coagulation has been perfect, is of a
yellowish, sometimes greenish, color; its taste is dull and salty;
it is thick fluid, like olive oil; when heated to 140° it coagulates.
If we examine under the microscope the appearance presented by blood,
we find that it consists of a great number of red particles swimming
in a nearly colorless liquor. These red particles are flattened
disks; in man they are round. Their size is variable, being in man
from one four-thousandth to one eight-thousandth of an inch in
diameter, but larger in other animals.
The blood contains a large quantity of _albumen_, partly dissolved
and remaining in the serum after coagulation, partly in a solid
state, forming the great mass of the globules.
In the living body the blood also contains fibrine in solution, but
this separates soon after extraction from the body; it assumes a
solid form, and investing, as a sponge, the red globules, forms with
them the coagulum.
The fibrine is thus the element active in the coagulation of the
blood, the globules being but passively engaged in it. In addition
to this essential organic element, the blood contains a variety of
salts, as common salt, phosphate of magnesia, ammonia and lime,
lactates of soda and magnesia. The best analyses of the blood are
those of Lecanu, and the results for blood and serum are that they
contain, in the human subject of each sex:
Water, 75.00
Albumen, 5.00
Globules, 7.14
Fibrine, .20
The fatty substance of the blood is a mixture of cholesterine
with stearic and oleic acid and a peculiar fatty substance termed
seroline, the history of which is yet incomplete. None of the fats of
the brain, however, seem to exist in the blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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