[18] "Life and Correspondence of Rufus King," New York, 1894, Vol. II, App. 5. For further information regarding his relations with Miranda, see extracts from his Memorandum Book, in Vol. III, App. 3. [19] See Miranda's letter to President Adams, March 24, 1798. "Life and Corresp. of King," Vol. II, p. 654. [20] "Life and Corresp. of King," Vol. II, p. 650. [21] See King's letter to Hamilton, March 4, 1799. "Life and Corresp.," p. 662. [22] "Letters and Despatches of Castlereagh," Vol. VII. [23] See Sherman, "General Account of Miranda's Expedition," N. Y., 1808. [24] H. A. Washington, "Writings of Thomas Jefferson," Vol. V, p. 474; "Madison's Writings," Vol. II, pp. 220, 225. [25] "Letters and Despatches of Castlereagh," Vol. VII, p. 314 ff. [26] See Watson, "Spanish and Portuguese South America." 2 Vols. London, 1884, Vol. II, p. 271 ff. [27] See "Letters and Despatches of Castlereagh," Vol. VII, p. 316 ff. [28] Romero, "Mexico and the United States," Putnam, 1898, p. 287. [29] "Letters and Despatches of Castlereagh," Vol. VII. [30] Mitre, "The Emancipation of South America." Translated by Pilling. London, 1893. [31] See Cochrane (Earl Dundonald), "Service in Chili." 2 Vols. London, 1859. [32] Hall's "Journal," Vol. I, p. 181. Report of Conversation with San Martin in Callao Roads. [33] Hall's "Journal," Vol. I, p. 194. [34] Holstein, "Life of Bolivar." Boston, 1829. [35] Hall's "Journal," Vol. II, p. 188. [36] See the statement of Iturbide in regard to his political life published in the _Pamphleteer_, London, 1827. CHAPTER II THE RECOGNITION OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN REPUBLICS The struggle of the South American peoples for independence was viewed from the first with feelings of profound satisfaction and sympathy in the United States. From the commencement of the revolution South American vessels were admitted into the ports of the United States under whatever flag they bore. It does not appear that any formal declaration according belligerent rights to the said provinces was ever made, though a resolution to that effect was introduced into the House by committee as early as December 10, 1811.[37] Such formal action was apparently not deemed necessary and, as there was no Spanish minister resident in the United States at that time to protest, our ports were probably thrown open, as a matter of course.[38] The fact that they were accorded full belligerent rights from the first was afterwards stated by President Monroe in his annual messages of 1817 and 1818 and in his special message of March 8, 1822.[39]