The “New York Safety Fund” and “Cazenovia” were rather clumsily lettered and the MADIS- was _shaded by hand_, while -ON COUNTY BANK was shaded perfectly by the Ruling Engine. This shows of course an alteration from some other name that ended in -ON; most probably CLINTON. There was no bleaching or scratching of the paper around the substituted letters, and the signatures were not faded, this shows that it was not an _altered bill_ but an _altered plate_, probably a “wild cat” bank plate, that was sold at auction, in New York, in 1841. ALTERED DENOMINATIONS. This is altering from a smaller to a larger denomination--as 1s altered to 5s, &c. &c. This is done in various ways. One way it is done by pasting; but it is more generally done by extracting the ink of the figure and the die containing it by some chemical fluid, and printing in its place a counterfeit die, or sometimes a stolen genuine die containing a larger denomination. The words, “ONE DOLLAR,” which generally is shaded by the Ruling Engine, are extracted, and “FIVE DOLLARS” substituted in its place and _shaded by hand_. A difference also in the color of the ink of the substituted denominations from the rest of the note will generally be seen. Sometimes the letters of the substituted denomination are _common printer’s type_, the “old English letter,” 🖙 Twenty Dollars. OLD-STYLE PLATES. Counterfeits upon the old-fashioned plates, “Perkin’s stereotype plate” and others, all that contain any _transferred_ dies, the pattern _white_ upon a black ground, can be detected by the imitation of transferring. Diagrams E, F, on page 16, also diagrams, L, M, will illustrate this principle. In the genuine it is machine waved-ruling transferred from dies, while in the counterfeit this is imitated by engraving the _black spaces_ immediately upon the plate itself, and attempting to make it fit so as to have the appearance of being transferred. L represents the genuine, (though imperfect,) M represents the counterfeit. There are four out of the seven Rules that will apply to the old fashioned “Perkin’s stereotype” and most other old-style plates, viz: the 1st Rule, or Transferring; the 5th Rule, the Lettering, especially the mass of small lettering, “One Dollar,” “One Dollar,” in the body of the note; 6th Rule, the Signatures and filling up; 7th Rule, Paper and general appearance. [Illustration: L M] THE PIECING OPERATION.