The Unwritten Literature of the HopiLockett, Hattie Greene
Philosophy
The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi
Lockett, Hattie Greene
Hopi Indians; Hopi Indians -- Folklore
It is an impressive sight, this line of Snake priests, bodies painted,
pouches, snake whips, and digging sticks in hand, marching single file
from their kiva, through the village and down the steep trail that leads
from the mesa to the lowlands.
When a snake is found under a bush or in his hole, the digging stick
soon brings him within reach of the fearless hand; then sprinkling a
pinch of corn meal on his snakeship and uttering a charm and prayer, the
priest siezes the snake easily a few inches back of the head and
deposits him in the pouch. Should the snake coil to strike, the snake
whip (two eagle feathers secured to a short stick) is gently used to
induce him to straighten out.
At sunset they return in the same grim formation, bearing the snake
pouches to the kiva, where four jars (not at all different from their
water jars) stand ready to receive the snakes and hold them till the
final or ninth day of the ceremony.
On the next three mornings, just before dawn, in the Antelope Kiva, is
held the symbolic marriage of Tiyo and the Snake Maiden, followed by the
singing of sixteen traditional songs.
Just before sunset of the eighth day, the Antelope and Snake priests
give a public pageant in the plaza, known as the Antelope or Corn Dance.
It is a replica of the Snake Dance, but shorter and simpler, and here
corn is carried instead of snakes.
On the morning of the ninth and last day occurs the Sunrise Corn Race,
when the young men of the village race from a distant spring to the mesa
top. The whole village turns out to watch from the rim of the mesa, and
great merriment attends the arrival of the racers, the winner receiving
some ceremonial object, which, placed in his corn field, should work as
a charm and insure a bumper crop.
In 1912, Dr. Byron Cummings witnessed a more interesting sunrise race
than the writer has ever seen or heard described by any other observer.
An aged priest stood on the edge of the mesa, before the assembled crowd
of natives and visitors, and gave a long reverberating call, apparently
the signal for which the racers were waiting, for away across the plain
below and to the right was heard an answering call, and from the left
and far away, another answer. Eagerly the crowd watched to catch the
first glimpse of the approaching racers, for there was no one in sight
for some time, from the direction of either of the answering calls.
Finally mere specks in the distance to the right resolved themselves
into a line of six men running toward the mesa. As they came within
hailing distance they were greeted by the acclamations of the watchers.
These runners were Snake priests, all elderly men, and as each in turn
reached the position of the aged priest at the mesa edge, he received
from that dignitary a sprinkling of sacred meal and a formal
benediction, then passed on to the Snake Kiva.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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