The useful trees of northern NigeriaLely, Hugh Vandervaes
Science
The useful trees of northern Nigeria
Lely, Hugh Vandervaes
Plants, Useful -- Nigeria, Northern; Trees -- Nigeria, Northern
A large tree, similar in flowers, fruits and leaves to _O. Barteri_,
but differing in the absence of hairs on leaves and flower spikes to
the extent of those on _O. Barteri_, and distinguished from it at once
by the very smooth bark. It reaches large sizes, but not great heights,
the average proportion being some 30 feet high with a girth of 6-8
feet. A very short, stout bole divides into a number of large, widely
spreading limbs, the twigs drooping down to near the ground. The crown
is open and rounded and of great width, affording little shade. Its
habitat is the granite country, where it grows in large quantities on
the plains or up in the rocky hills, stunted specimens flourishing on
almost bare rock with the roots in the smallest cracks. The branches
are very flexible and can be bent almost double without snapping. It
is called “Farun mutane” as against the “Farun doya” of _O. Barteri_,
because it is used for food and medicine.
=The Bark= is silvery grey, smooth to the point of shining, with
occasional scales and a few lenticels. Very old trees cast large
scales from the lower trunk. The bark frequently shows a marked spiral
twisting round the stem and there are folds and creases like a skin.
Resin exudes from the slash which is light red and of crumbling texture.
=The Wood= is practically the same as that of _O. Barteri_, q.v., for
the most part consisting of a soft, dirty white wood, readily sawn and
planed and of little value, the small heartwood being red-brown. The
weight is about 25 lbs. a cubic foot.
=The Leaves= are pinnate, 18 inches long with some 4 pairs of leaflets
and a terminal leaflet. These are broad at the base, narrowing towards
the tip, the margins sinuous, the basal lobes unequal, the short stalks
flattened, the upper surface light green, shining, with a few hairs and
a pronounced stickiness to the touch. They appear after the flowers.
Young leaves are very slightly tinged red.
=The Flowers.= The spikes of both sexes appear from January to April.
The male spikes are up to 9 inches in length, the flowers in irregular
clusters with gaps, especially on the lower part of the spike, without
flowers. Each has a small, 4-part calyx, 4 petals and 8 short, erect
stamens. A few hairs are scattered about the spike, which is scented.
The female spikes are some 3 inches long and sparsely flowered. Each
has a small, 4-part calyx, 4 petals, the rudiments of 8 stamens and a
rounded ovary with 4 stigmas. There is no scent. Though the spikes of
both sexes appear well before the leaves, they may persist till the
leaves are practically full grown.
=The Fruits= are similar to those of _O. Barteri_ but very shiny.
They hang in dense clusters of spikes, ripening from green to red to
a purplish black, resembling cherries. There is a thin skin and juicy
flesh round a large, hard stone containing a white kernel attached to
the top and not filling the cavity. The fruits ripen in June and the
crop is often prolific.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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