The useful trees of northern NigeriaLely, Hugh Vandervaes
Science
The useful trees of northern Nigeria
Lely, Hugh Vandervaes
Plants, Useful -- Nigeria, Northern; Trees -- Nigeria, Northern
This is one of the largest trees of the savannahs and gives an enormous
volume of timber. It reaches a height of 80 feet and girths of 12 feet
are common. A girth of 26 feet combined with a 40 feet bole has been
measured. It has a gregarious habit similar to _Khaya senegalensis_ on
the edges of “fadammas” and in flat country where water lies during the
rainy season. Hundreds of saplings may be found round these clumps. It
is most readily distinguished from other species, at a distance, by
the straight, light-grey stem, which is generally tapering in form,
and by the shape of its crown which is triangular with a flat top. The
crown is dense and dark, the limbs at an angle of about 30 degrees to
the bole and the bulk of the foliage being on the summit. The bole is
generally swollen at the base. It is a very fast growing species.
=The Bark= is very light in colour, this being emphasised at a
distance. It is rough with large even-sized scales. The bark of
saplings, owing to the annual fires, is very thick and scaly, cracking
in horizontal rings round the stem. This forms a highly protective
covering. An oleo-resin, or balsam, exudes from the slash, which is
dark crimson with small white streaks.
=The Wood=, of which a great volume is yielded by the tree, is
red-brown with darker streaks. In transverse section the rings
are fairly well defined dark, regular lines, the pores are large,
mostly single, widely and fairly evenly distributed, the rays fine,
continuous, unevenly spaced but 3 to 4 to each pore, bending in
a curious manner where they cross the lines of soft tissue, just
visible with the naked eye. In radial section the rays are small
light-reflecting bands and in the tangential section are clearly
visible as fine ripples. The sapwood is whitish with a faint brown or
pinkish tinge, and the rays are very clearly marked on the two vertical
sections. This is a very good light-weight timber, very easily worked
and not very durable or strong, but its large sizes, soundness and
appearance enhance its value. It has a most pleasant cedar-wood smell.
Weight 44 lbs. a cubic foot.
=The Leaves= are 18 inches long, pinnate with some 6 pairs of large,
pointed, dark-green, shiny leaflets. The young leaves are soft and pink
in colour.
=The Flowers= are conspicuous, chiefly at the top of the tree, in
large, flat panicles, in December. The flowers stand erect on the
horizontal panicle and consist of a 5-lobed, imbricate calyx, one
sepal being smaller than the others, greenish-white in colour; 10
white stamens, 2 inches long and a long, white pistil which swells to
form the seed-pod. The flower parts are borne on a stout club-shaped
receptacle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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