BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHIEF BREEDS--ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF THEIR DESCENT FROM SEVERAL SPECIES--ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF ALL THE BREEDS HAVING DESCENDED FROM GALLUS BANKIVA--REVERSION TO THE PARENT-STOCK IN COLOUR-- ANALOGOUS VARIATIONS--ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE FOWL--EXTERNAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SEVERAL BREEDS--EGGS--CHICKENS--SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS-- WING-AND TAIL-FEATHERS, VOICE, DISPOSITION, ETC.--OSTEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE SKULL, VERTEBRAE, ETC.--EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE ON CERTAIN PARTS-- CORRELATION OF GROWTH. CHAPTER 1.VIII. DUCK--GOOSE--PEACOCK--TURKEY--GUINEA-FOWL--CANARY-BIRD--GOLD-FISH--HIVE- BEES--SILK-MOTHS. DUCKS, SEVERAL BREEDS OF--PROGRESS OF DOMESTICATION--ORIGIN OF FROM THE COMMON WILD-DUCK--DIFFERENCES IN THE DIFFERENT BREEDS--OSTEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES--EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE ON THE LIMB-BONES. GOOSE, ANCIENTLY DOMESTICATED--LITTLE VARIATION OF--SEBASTOPOL BREED. PEACOCK, ORIGIN OF BLACK-SHOULDERED BREED. TURKEY, BREEDS OF--CROSSED WITH THE UNITED STATES SPECIES--EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON. GUINEA-FOWL, CANARY-BIRD, GOLD-FISH, HIVE-BEE. SILK-MOTHS, SPECIES AND BREEDS OF--ANCIENTLY DOMESTICATED--CARE IN THEIR SELECTION--DIFFERENCES IN THE DIFFERENT RACES--IN THE EGG, CATERPILLAR, AND COCOON STATES--INHERITANCE OF CHARACTERS--IMPERFECT WINGS--LOST INSTINCTS-- CORRELATED CHARACTERS. CHAPTER 1.IX. CULTIVATED PLANTS: CEREAL AND CULINARY PLANTS. PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE NUMBER AND PARENTAGE OF CULTIVATED PLANTS--FIRST STEPS IN CULTIVATION--GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. CEREALIA--DOUBTS ON THE NUMBER OF SPECIES--WHEAT: VARIETIES OF--INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY--CHANGED HABITS--SELECTION--ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE VARIETIES-- MAIZE: GREAT VARIATION OF--DIRECT ACTION OF CLIMATE ON. CULINARY PLANTS--CABBAGES: VARIETIES OF, IN FOLIAGE AND STEMS, BUT NOT IN OTHER PARTS--PARENTAGE OF--OTHER SPECIES OF BRASSICA--PEAS: AMOUNT OF DIFFERENCE IN THE SEVERAL KINDS, CHIEFLY IN THE PODS AND SEED--SOME VARIETIES CONSTANT, SOME HIGHLY VARIABLE--DO NOT INTERCROSS--BEANS-- POTATOES: NUMEROUS VARIETIES OF--DIFFER LITTLE EXCEPT IN THE TUBERS-- CHARACTERS INHERITED. CHAPTER 1.X. PLANTS continued--FRUITS--ORNAMENTAL TREES--FLOWERS. FRUITS--GRAPES--VARY IN ODD AND TRIFLING PARTICULARS--MULBERRY--THE ORANGE GROUP--SINGULAR RESULTS FROM CROSSING--PEACH AND NECTARINE--BUD-VARIATION-- ANALOGOUS VARIATION--RELATION TO THE ALMOND--APRICOT--PLUMS--VARIATION IN THEIR STONES--CHERRIES--SINGULAR VARIETIES OF--APPLE--PEAR--STRAWBERRY-- INTERBLENDING OF THE ORIGINAL FORMS--GOOSEBERRY--STEADY INCREASE IN SIZE OF THE FRUIT--VARIETIES OF--WALNUT--NUT--CUCURBITACEOUS PLANTS--WONDERFUL VARIATION OF. ORNAMENTAL TREES--THEIR VARIATION IN DEGREE AND KIND--ASH-TREE--SCOTCH-FIR- -HAWTHORN. FLOWERS--MULTIPLE ORIGIN OF MANY KINDS--VARIATION IN CONSTITUTIONAL PECULIARITIES--KIND OF VARIATION--ROSES--SEVERAL SPECIES CULTIVATED--PANSY- -DAHLIA--HYACINTH--HISTORY AND VARIATION OF. CHAPTER 1.XI.