The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
It is as a sacrifice, a mode of “mortification,” that obedience is
primarily conceived by Catholic writers, a “sacrifice which man offers to
God, and of which he is himself both the priest and the victim. By poverty
he immolates his exterior possessions; by chastity he immolates his body;
by obedience he completes the sacrifice, and gives to God all that he yet
holds as his own, his two most precious goods, his intellect and his will.
The sacrifice is then complete and unreserved, a genuine holocaust, for
the entire victim is now consumed for the honor of God.”(185) Accordingly,
in Catholic discipline, we obey our superior not as mere man, but as the
representative of Christ. Obeying God in him by our intention, obedience
is easy. But when the text‐book theologians marshal collectively all their
reasons for recommending it, the mixture sounds to our ears rather odd.
“One of the great consolations of the monastic life,” says a
Jesuit authority, “is the assurance we have that in obeying we can
commit no fault. The Superior may commit a fault in commanding you
to do this thing or that, but you are certain that you commit no
fault so long as you obey, because God will only ask you if you
have duly performed what orders you received, and if you can
furnish a clear account in that respect, you are absolved
entirely. Whether the things you did were opportune, or whether
there were not something better that might have been done, these
are questions not asked of you, but rather of your Superior. The
moment what you did was done obediently, God wipes it out of your
account, and charges it to the Superior. So that Saint Jerome well
exclaimed, in celebrating the advantages of obedience, ‘Oh,
sovereign liberty! Oh, holy and blessed security by which one
becomes almost impeccable!’
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