The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
“Saint John Climachus is of the same sentiment when he calls
obedience an excuse before God. In fact, when God asks why you
have done this or that, and you reply, it is because I was so
ordered by my Superiors, God will ask for no other excuse. As a
passenger in a good vessel with a good pilot need give himself no
farther concern, but may go to sleep in peace, because the pilot
has charge over all, and ‘watches for him’; so a religious person
who lives under the yoke of obedience goes to heaven as if while
sleeping, that is, while leaning entirely on the conduct of his
Superiors, who are the pilots of his vessel, and keep watch for
him continually. It is no small thing, of a truth, to be able to
cross the stormy sea of life on the shoulders and in the arms of
another, yet that is just the grace which God accords to those who
live under the yoke of obedience. Their Superior bears all their
burdens.... A certain grave doctor said that he would rather spend
his life in picking up straws by obedience, than by his own
responsible choice busy himself with the loftiest works of
charity, because one is certain of following the will of God in
whatever one may do from obedience, but never certain in the same
degree of anything which we may do of our own proper
movement.”(186)
One should read the letters in which Ignatius Loyola recommends obedience
as the backbone of his order, if one would gain insight into the full
spirit of its cult.(187) They are too long to quote; but Ignatius’s belief
is so vividly expressed in a couple of sayings reported by companions
that, though they have been so often cited, I will ask your permission to
copy them once more:—
“I ought,” an early biographer reports him as saying, “on entering
religion, and thereafter, to place myself entirely in the hands of
God, and of him who takes His place by His authority. I ought to
desire that my Superior should oblige me to give up my own
judgment, and conquer my own mind. I ought to set up no difference
between one Superior and another, ... but recognize them all as
equal before God, whose place they fill. For if I distinguish
persons, I weaken the spirit of obedience. In the hands of my
Superior, I must be a soft wax, a thing, from which he is to
require whatever pleases him, be it to write or receive letters,
to speak or not to speak to such a person, or the like; and I must
put all my fervor in executing zealously and exactly what I am
ordered. I must consider myself as a corpse which has neither
intelligence nor will; be like a mass of matter which without
resistance lets itself be placed wherever it may please any one;
like a stick in the hand of an old man, who uses it according to
his needs and places it where it suits him. So must I be under the
hands of the Order, to serve it in the way it judges most useful.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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