The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
rises from the perception of forms and figures to a degree which
escapes all expression, and which no man may seek to give an
account of without his words involving sin.
“Whoever has had no experience of the transport knows of the true
nature of prophetism nothing but the name. He may meanwhile be
sure of its existence, both by experience and by what he hears the
Sufis say. As there are men endowed only with the sensitive
faculty who reject what is offered them in the way of objects of
the pure understanding, so there are intellectual men who reject
and avoid the things perceived by the prophetic faculty. A blind
man can understand nothing of colors save what he has learned by
narration and hearsay. Yet God has brought prophetism near to men
in giving them all a state analogous to it in its principal
characters. This state is sleep. If you were to tell a man who was
himself without experience of such a phenomenon that there are
people who at times swoon away so as to resemble dead men, and who
[in dreams] yet perceive things that are hidden, he would deny it
[and give his reasons]. Nevertheless, his arguments would be
refuted by actual experience. Wherefore, just as the understanding
is a stage of human life in which an eye opens to discern various
intellectual objects uncomprehended by sensation; just so in the
prophetic the sight is illumined by a light which uncovers hidden
things and objects which the intellect fails to reach. The chief
properties of prophetism are perceptible only during the
transport, by those who embrace the Sufi life. The prophet is
endowed with qualities to which you possess nothing analogous, and
which consequently you cannot possibly understand. How should you
know their true nature, since one knows only what one can
comprehend? But the transport which one attains by the method of
the Sufis is like an immediate perception, as if one touched the
objects with one’s hand.”(247)
This incommunicableness of the transport is the keynote of all mysticism.
Mystical truth exists for the individual who has the transport, but for no
one else. In this, as I have said, it resembles the knowledge given to us
in sensations more than that given by conceptual thought. Thought, with
its remoteness and abstractness, has often enough in the history of
philosophy been contrasted unfavorably with sensation. It is a commonplace
of metaphysics that God’s knowledge cannot be discursive but must be
intuitive, that is, must be constructed more after the pattern of what in
ourselves is called immediate feeling, than after that of proposition and
judgment. But _our_ immediate feelings have no content but what the five
senses supply; and we have seen and shall see again that mystics may
emphatically deny that the senses play any part in the very highest type
of knowledge which their transports yield.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account