The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature — John Shaqi
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human NatureJames, William
ReligionComparative
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
James, William
Conversion; Experience (Religion); Philosophy and religion; Psychology, Religious; Religion
“Where men are enlightened with the true light, they renounce all
desire and choice, and commit and commend themselves and all
things to the eternal Goodness, so that every enlightened man
could say: ‘I would fain be to the Eternal Goodness what his own
hand is to a man.’ Such men are in a state of freedom, because
they have lost the fear of pain or hell, and the hope of reward or
heaven, and are living in pure submission to the eternal Goodness,
in the perfect freedom of fervent love. When a man truly
perceiveth and considereth himself, who and what he is, and
findeth himself utterly vile and wicked and unworthy, he falleth
into such a deep abasement that it seemeth to him reasonable that
all creatures in heaven and earth should rise up against him. And
therefore he will not and dare not desire any consolation and
release; but he is willing to be unconsoled and unreleased; and he
doth not grieve over his sufferings, for they are right in his
eyes, and he hath nothing to say against them. This is what is
meant by true repentance for sin; and he who in this present time
entereth into this hell, none may console him. Now God hath not
forsaken a man in this hell, but He is laying his hand upon him,
that the man may not desire nor regard anything but the eternal
Good only. And then, when the man neither careth for nor desireth
anything but the eternal Good alone, and seeketh not himself nor
his own things, but the honour of God only, he is made a partaker
of all manner of joy, bliss, peace, rest, and consolation, and so
the man is henceforth in the kingdom of heaven. This hell and this
heaven are two good safe ways for a man, and happy is he who truly
findeth them.”(16)
How much more active and positive the impulse of the Christian writer to
accept his place in the universe is! Marcus Aurelius agrees _to_ the
scheme—the German theologian agrees _with_ it. He literally _abounds_ in
agreement, he runs out to embrace the divine decrees.
Occasionally, it is true, the Stoic rises to something like a Christian
warmth of sentiment, as in the often quoted passage of Marcus Aurelius:—
“Everything harmonizes with me which is harmonious to thee, O
Universe. Nothing for me is too early nor too late, which is in
due time for thee. Everything is fruit to me which thy seasons
bring, O Nature: from thee are all things, in thee are all things,
to thee all things return. The poet says, Dear City of Cecrops;
and wilt thou not say, Dear City of Zeus?”(17)
But compare even as devout a passage as this with a genuine Christian
outpouring, and it seems a little cold. Turn, for instance, to the
Imitation of Christ:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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