The Venetian Painters of the Renaissance: Third EditionBerenson, Bernard
History
The Venetian Painters of the Renaissance: Third Edition
Berenson, Bernard
Art, Renaissance; Painters -- Italy -- Venice
He would have had them every day if it were possible, and,
to make up for their rarity, he loved to have representations of them.
So most Venetian pictures of the beginning of the sixteenth century
tended to take the form of magnificent processions, if they did not
actually represent them. They are processions in the Piazza, as in
Gentile Bellini's "Corpus Christi" picture, or on the water, as in
Carpaccio's picture where St. Ursula leaves her home; or they represent
what was a gorgeous but common sight in Venice, the reception or
dismissal of ambassadors, as in several pictures of Carpaccio's St.
Ursula series; or they show simply a collection of splendidly costumed
people in the Piazza, as in Gentile's "Preaching of St. Mark." Not only
the pleasure-loving Carpaccio, but the austere Cima, as he grew older,
turned every biblical and saintly legend into an occasion for the
picture of a pageant.
But there was a further reason for the popularity of such pictures. The
decorations which were then being executed by the most reputed masters
in the Hall of Great Council in the Doge's Palace, were, by the nature
of the subject, required to represent pageants. The Venetian State
encouraged painting as did the Church, in order to teach its subjects
its own glory in a way that they could understand without being led on
to critical enquiry. Venice was not the only city, it is true, that used
painting for political purposes; but the frescoes of Lorenzetti at Siena
were admonitions to govern in accordance with the Catechism, while the
pictures in the Great Hall of the Doge's Palace were of a nature to
remind the Venetians of their glory and also of their state policy.
These mural paintings represented such subjects as the Doge bringing
about a reconciliation between the Pope and the Emperor Barbarossa, an
event which marked the first entry of Venice into the field of
Continental politics, and typified as well its unchanging policy, which
was to gain its own ends by keeping a balance of power between the
allies of the Pope and the allies of his opponents. The first edition,
so to speak, of these works had been executed at the end of the
fourteenth century and in the beginning of the fifteenth. Toward the end
of that century it no longer satisfied the new feeling for reality and
beauty, and thus had ceased to serve its purpose, which was to glorify
the State. The Bellini, Alvise Vivarini, and Carpaccio were employed to
make a second rendering of the very same subjects, and this gave the
Venetians ample opportunity for finding out how much they liked pageant
pictures.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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