In _Phenacodus_ (fig. 107, B) (_CONDYLARTHRA_) all five digits are well developed, the pollex being the smallest. The carpal bones retain their primitive arrangement, the magnum articulating with the lunar and not with the scaphoid. There is no separate centrale. [Illustration FIG. 107. LEFT MANUS OF _A. Coryphodon hamatus._ (After MARSH.) × 1/5. _B. Phenacodus primaevus._ (After COPE.) × 1/3. _C. Procavia (Dendrohyrax) arboreus._ (After VON ZITTEL.) × 6/7. 1. scaphoid. 2. lunar. 3. cuneiform. 4. trapezium. 5. trapezoid. 6. magnum. 7. unciform. 8. centrale. 9. pisiform. I, II, III, IV, V. first, second, third, fourth and fifth digits respectively.] In the _HYRACOIDEA_ (fig. 107, C) the manus is very similar to that in _Phenacodus_, but a centrale is present and the pollex is much reduced. The manus of the _AMBLYPODA_, such as _Coryphodon_ (fig. 107, A) and _Uintatherium_, is short and broad, with five well developed digits and large carpal bones. The carpals however interlock to a slight extent, and the corner of the magnum reaches the scaphoid. In the _PROBOSCIDEA_ the manus is very short and broad, with large somewhat cubical carpals which articulate by very flat surfaces and do not interlock at all. All five digits are present, and none of them are much reduced in size. The manus in Proboscidea and in _Coryphodon_ is subplantigrade. In the Tillodontia the manus is plantigrade and has pointed ungual phalanges, in this respect approaching the Carnivora. It differs however from that of all living Carnivora in having the scaphoid and lunar distinct. In RODENTIA the manus nearly always has five digits with the normal number of phalanges: the pollex may however be very small as in the Rabbit, or absent as sometimes in the Capybara. The scaphoid and lunar are generally united, and a centrale may be present or absent. In _Pedetes caffer_ the radial sesamoid is double and the distal bone bears a nail-like horny covering. In _Bathyergus_ the pisiform is double. It is upon these facts that the contention for the former existence of prehallux and post-minimus digits has partly been based. In living CARNIVORA the scaphoid, lunar and centrale are always united, forming a single bone. All five digits are present, but as a rule in Carnivora vera the pollex is small, and in _Hyaena_ is represented only by a small metacarpal. Sometimes, as in Cats and Dogs, the manus is digitigrade, sometimes, as in Bears, plantigrade. The ungual phalanges are large and pointed, and in forms like the Cats, whose claws are retractile, they can be folded back into a deep hollow on the ulnar side of the middle phalanx; a small radial sesamoid is often present.