In Pinnipedia the manus is large and flat and the digits are terminated by ungual phalanges which are blunt (sea lions and walrus), or slightly curved and pointed (seals). The pollex is nearly or quite as long as the second digit, and as a rule the digits then successively diminish in size. The Creodonta differ from living Carnivora in the fact that the scaphoid and lunar are usually separate. In INSECTIVORA the scaphoid and lunar are sometimes united, sometimes separate, and a separate centrale is usually present. There are generally five digits, but sometimes the pollex is absent. In the Mole the manus is greatly developed and considerably modified. It is very wide, its breadth being increased by the great development of the radial sesamoid which is very large and sickle-shaped. The ungual phalanges are also large and are cleft at their extremities. In the CHIROPTERA the manus is greatly modified for the purpose of flight. The pollex is short and is armed with a rather large curved claw, the other digits are enormously elongated, the elongation in the case of the Insectivorous bats being mainly due to the metacarpals, and in the Frugivorous bats to the phalanges. In the Frugivorous bats the second digit is clawed as well as the pollex, in other bats this claw is always absent, and so is often the ungual phalanx, the middle phalanx then tapering gradually to its termination. In PRIMATES as a rule the manus is moderately short and wide. The carpus has the scaphoid and lunar distinct, and generally also the centrale; sometimes however, as in Man, the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and some Lemurs, the centrale has apparently fused with the scaphoid. There are almost always five well-developed digits, but in the genera _Colobus_ and _Ateles_ the pollex is vestigial. The magnum in man is the largest bone of the carpus. The pisiform also is well developed, but there is no radial sesamoid. In Man, the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and Orang, the carpus articulates only with the radius, in most Primates it articulates also with the ulna. The third digit of the Aye-Aye (_Chiromys_) is remarkable for its extreme slenderness. THE PELVIC GIRDLE. The pelvic girdle in all mammals except the Sirenia and Cetacea consists of two halves, usually united with one another at the symphysis in the mid-ventral line, and connected near their upper ends, with the sacral vertebrae. Each half forms one of the _innominate_ bones, and includes at least three separate elements, a dorsal bone, the ilium, and two ventral bones, the ischium and pubis. Very often a fourth pelvic element, the acetabular or cotyloid bone, occurs.