Produced by Al Haines [Frontispiece: The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T.] THE VICEROYS OF IRELAND THE STORY OF THE LONG LINE OF NOBLEMEN AND THEIR WIVES WHO HAVE RULED IRELAND AND IRISH SOCIETY FOR OVER SEVEN HUNDRED YEARS BY CHARLES O'MAHONY WITH PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE AND THIRTY-TWO OTHER PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON JOHN LONG, LIMITED NORRIS STREET, HAYMARKET MCMXII TO MY WIFE {ix} PREFACE This is the first complete history of the viceroys of Ireland, the only other book on the subject being the late Sir John T. Gilbert's, which was published in 1864. But as he dealt with the viceroys between 1172 and 1509 only, his book has no claim to completeness. In common with all writers on Ireland, however, I must express my acknowledgments to Gilbert. His keen and discerning research work, covering the first two hundred years of the viceroyalty, has been of the utmost value to me. Irish affairs appear certain to monopolize public and parliamentary attention this year, and on this account I think that the history of the men who have ruled Ireland for nearly seven hundred and fifty years will be read with interest. Of the illustrations, that of Lord Aberdeen is from a photograph by M. Lafayette of Dublin and London, who has also supplied the photographs of Lady Aberdeen, Lords Dudley, Spencer, Londonderry, Cadogan, and Crewe, King Edward at the {x} Dublin Exhibition, and those of the Viceregal Lodge, St. Patrick's Hall, and the Throne Room in Dublin Castle. All the other illustrations are from photographs of the originals in the National Portrait Gallery, Dublin. CHARLES O'MAHONY LONDON _June_, 1912 {xi} CONTENTS PAGE