The Viking Age. Volume 1 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 1 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
[Illustration:
Fig. 301.—Tune stone (with earlier runes) of red granite; found in a
graveyard wall surrounding the church of Tune, near Moss, entrance
of Christiania fjord. Height, 6 feet 7 inches; greatest width, 2
feet 4 inches.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 302.—Earlier runic inscription on a bluff, 11 feet above
high-water mark.—Væblungsnæs, Romsdal, Norway.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 303.—Runic stone, having the longest runic inscription known,
composed of over 760 letters. Height, 12 feet; width, 6 feet.—In the
Churchyard of Rök, Ostergötland, Sweden.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 304.—Marble lion, with later runic inscription. Height, 10 feet.
Now at Venice, whither it was brought from the Piræus in 1687.[156]
]
Not only do the finds prove to us how extensive were the voyages and
journeys of the vikings, but many of the runic stones add their
testimony to these and the sagas, often mentioning journeys in distant
lands both for peaceful and warlike purposes. There are four runic
stones extant on which Knut the Great is mentioned as “Knut who went to
England”; the _Thingamenn_ or _Thingamannalid_ is mentioned on at least
two runic stones.
[Illustration:
Fig. 305.—Later runic stone, with animal and bird.—Upland.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 306.—Later runic stone, with animals, possibly a representation
of Fylgja at Svartsjö Castle, Lake Mälaren, Sweden.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 307.—Later runic stone, with birds.—Upland.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 308.—Stone with later runes. Height above ground, 10 feet; the
width over 5 feet.—Nysätra parish, Upland.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 309.—Later runic stone, Edssocken, Upland. “Runa rista lit
Rahnualtr huar a Kriklanti uas lisforunki.”
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 310.—Later runic stone, 7½ feet above the ground. “Sterkar and
Hiorvardr erected this stone to their father, Geiri, who dwelt west,
in Thikalid (Thingmannalid). God help his soul.”—Kålstad, Upland.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 311.—King Gorm’s stone, with later runes.—Jellinge, Jutland.
Front view.
]
[Illustration:
Fig. 312.—Back view of King Gorm’s stone.
]
The inscription on the above stone runs thus, the translation being
literal: “_Haraltr kunukr bath kaurua kubl thausi aft kurm (Gorm) fathur
sin auk aft thæurui muthur sina, sa haraltr ias sær uan tanmaurk ala auk
nuruiak auk tana ... t kristnæ_” = Harald king bade make mounds these
after Gorm, father his and after Thyra, mother his, that Harald who
swore, Denmark all and Norway and Dane ... to christianize.
The historical mounds of King Gorm and his queen Thyra are respectively
200 and 230 feet in diameter, and about 40 feet high (see p. 183); the
burial chamber of King Gorm was of wood, 22 feet long, 4½ feet high, 8
feet wide. In the grave were found a small silver cup, a bronze cross
covered with gold, a wooden figure representing a warrior in armour,
several metal mountings, &c.
[Illustration:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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