The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
Coenwulf, of Mercia (796–819).
Ceolwulf, his son (819–821).
Northumbrian (Styca).
Eawred (808–840).
Archbishop Wulfred, of Canterbury (803–829).
Ethelred.
Canute the Great.
Edgar.
Edward the Martyr.
From the beginning of the eleventh century.
King Sigtrygg Silkiskegg.
Footnote 174:
Among the great finds of coins are those of Findarfoe, in Götland,
which had more than 3,000 German coins, besides English and others.
Another in Johanneshus, in Blekinge, Sweden, which, besides a mass of
ornaments and jewels of silver, contained over 3,400 German coins of
the tenth and eleventh century. The German coins had been struck for
German emperors, kings, princes, archbishops, bishops, &c., &c., and
belong to Bohemia, Bavaria, Swabia, Lorraine, Franconia, the modern
Saxony, Frisia, the Netherlands, &c. There are also coins of cities,
those of Cologne being the most numerous, and even coins for Northern
Italy. Most of these coins are derived from places along the rivers of
Germany, especially the Rhine. The most common are those of Otto III.
and his grandmother Adelheid, who reigned during the minority of her
grandson (991–995).
Footnote 175:
Among the coins were nine Kufic, eight of which were of gold, and one
of silver, all of Abbasides Caliphs, from 760 to 840; four Byzantine
coins of gold, of Valens, Mauricius, Constantine, Copronymus, and
Michael III.; a gold coin of Louis le Debonnaire; two coins of
silver-gilt of his sons Lothair and Pepin, a silver-gilt coin of
Archbishop Wulfred, of Canterbury, 803–829. With these was a large
treasure of gold and jewels, among which were two neck-rings, three
bracelets, rings, charms, and an object, probably a _reliquary_,
having a Christian inscription in Greek, numerous charms and
ornaments, one of which was ornamented with an antique gem, and others
with garnet beads, &c., &c., all of gold; some objects were
silver-gilt; gold chains, &c., &c.
CHAPTER XIV.
DEBTS AND ROBBERY.
Stringency of laws on debt—An insolvent debtor the property of the
creditor—Redemption of debtor—Robbery and burglary—Robbery with
violence—Robbery without violence—Punishments—Irreclaimable
thieves—Laws on theft.
Nothing could show more plainly that, apart from the profession of
_Vikingry_, the people carried on their commercial transactions in a
very honourable way, than the fact that the laws on debt were very
stringent, and that robbery, arson, adulteration of food, &c., were
punished most severely, and in some cases put the offender outside the
pale of the law.
In regard to debts and the right of the creditor, some customs which had
become law seem to be of high antiquity.
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