The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
When a debtor could not pay, he had to come to the Thing and offer his
person to his kinsmen, if they would pay the debt; first to the nearest
kinsman; then, if he would not, he could offer himself to any of the
others. If none of the kinsmen would have him, he belonged to his
creditor till he had paid the debt by work or otherwise.
A woman who was a debtor could not offer herself without the consent of
her kinsmen.
The owner of the debtor could use him as his thrall as long as the debt
was not paid, but the debtor had the rétt to which he was born in regard
to all other men. His master could beat him, but was not allowed to sell
him unless he paid a fine of forty marks, or unless he ran away, when he
became a real thrall. The debtor could also give his child for a higher
debt than three marks.
If he did not stay with his creditor, he was allowed half a month to go
through the Fylky and try to get the debt paid. If the creditor wanted
only the money and not the person, he could offer the debtor to his
kinsmen; or, if they would not buy him, the creditor could sell him to
any one in the country, though not as a common thrall, and not for a
higher amount than the debt.
If the debtor would not work and was obstinate, then the creditor could
take him to the Thing and offer him to the kinsmen of the debtor to
redeem; if they would not, the creditor could kill or maim him.
“A debtor shall be taken to the Thing. He shall first be offered to his
kinsmen, and first to the nearest one if he wants him, or to the one to
whom he prefers to sell him. No one is allowed to take a woman thus for
the sake of debt, unless with the consent of her kinsmen.... He (the
creditor) shall not drive him to work with blows unless he cannot get
his debt from him. The man has no rétt towards him (the master) and his
wife and all his thralls and each to the other. If others beat him the
master has equal rétt on him as on his steward; the debtor owns the rest
of his rétt according to his birth, and his rétt shall be the same as if
he had no debt.... If a man sells a debtor like a slave he is liable to
pay 40 marks, unless he has run away from his creditor, and the same
must every one pay who sells a free man.... A family-born man may give
his child for debt if he does it at the Thing or at the alehouse or at
church, for 3 marks and not more.... If the debtor is obstinate to the
creditor and will not work for him, he shall be brought to the Thing and
offered to his kinsmen to redeem him. If they will not the creditor can
maim him on the upper or lower part of the body” (Gulath. Law, 71).
Robbery (Rán) was viewed from a different point, according as more or
less violence was employed in its commission.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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