The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nationsDu Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni)
History
The Viking Age. Volume 2 (of 2): The early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English-speaking nations
The Sagas often mention people possessing sheep, and shears are often
found. The one here represented was in the Ultuna ship’s find, and had
been placed with weapons and other objects belonging to the warrior, who
probably owned great estates and large flocks of sheep.
The fisheries were of great importance, and much care was bestowed upon
them even by great chiefs, among whom were Eyvind Skáldaspillir and
Erling Skjalgsson. The seal, herring, and cod fisheries gave occupation
to a large number of people.
“Erling always kept at home thirty thralls, besides other bond-people.
He allotted to them a certain day’s work, and afterwards gave them leave
and time to work for themselves at twilight or at night; he gave them
land for tillage, to sow grain for themselves and use the produce for
getting property. He placed on each one his value and price. Many
redeemed themselves in the first or second season, and all who were
thrifty did so in three winters. With this property Erling bought
himself other thralls; and he sent some of his produce to the herring
fishery, and some to other kinds of business; some cleared the woods and
made themselves farms; to all he gave some means of support” (St. Olaf,
c. 22).[234]
We have seen that the people of the North were great shipbuilders, and
the numerous discoveries of various tools as well as weapons show the
skill of their smiths and workers in iron, some of whom were high-born
men.
“He (Thorolf) had a large long ship made with a dragon’s head, and had
it fitted out in the best manner. He sailed in it southward, and made a
great sweep of the provisions then found in Halogaland. He also sent men
herring fishing and cod fishing, and in many places seals were caught
and eggs taken; all the produce of this expedition was brought to him.
He had never fewer free men than a hundred at his home. He was
open-handed and liberal, and became a good friend of the chiefs and all
his neighbours; he became powerful, and paid much attention to the
outfitting of his ships and weapons” (Egil’s Saga, c. 10).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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