Soon after disputes over the succession arose between the family of
Guðröðr and that of an earlier king Harold. Ultimately the contest
resolved itself into one between the sons of Guðröðr, especially
one Horic (O.N. Hárekr) and a certain Harold. It lasted for several
years, the sons of Guðröðr for the most part maintaining their hold
on Denmark. At one time during the struggle Harold and his brother
Ragnfröðr went to Vestfold in Norway, 'the extreme district of their
realm, whose chiefs and peoples were refusing to be made subject to
them, and gained their submission,' showing clearly that at this time
Denmark and Southern Norway were under one rule and rendering probable
the identification of Guðröðr with Guðröðr the Yngling who about this
time was slain by a retainer in Stifla Sound on the south coast of
Norway. This king ruled over Vestfold, half Vingulmörk and perhaps
Agðir. Both parties were anxious to secure the support of the emperor
Lewis and in the end Harold gained his help by accepting baptism at
Mainz in 826. He promised to promote the cause of Christianity in
Denmark, while Lewis in return granted him the district of Riustringen
in Frisia as a place of retreat in case of necessity. The Danes thereby
gained their first foothold within the empire.
Sufficient has been said of the relation between Denmark and the empire
on its land boundary: we must now say something of the attacks made by
sea.
The first were made in 799 on the coast of Aquitaine and they were
probably due to raiders from Ireland who followed a well-known trade
route from South Ireland to the ports of Southern France. In 800
Charlemagne inspected the coast from the Somme to the Seine and gave
orders for the equipment of a fleet and the strengthening of the
coastguard against Northmen pirates. When Guðröðr's fleet plundered
the islands off the Frisian coast in 810, Charlemagne gave orders for
his fleet to be strengthened once more, but the results were meagre in
the extreme. The passage of the Channel was no longer safe, and year
after year, from some time before 819, Vikings harried the island of
Noirmoutier at the mouth of the Loire, commanding the port of Nantes
and the extensive salt-trade of the district. The Island of Rhé
opposite La Rochelle, was raided in similar fashion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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