When Alfred secured a definite peace with the Danes in 878, those who
were averse to settling permanently returned to their old roving life.
They made their way up the Somme and the Scheldt and their progress
was not stopped by a brilliant victory gained by the young Lewis III
in June 881 at Saucourt, near the Somme, a victory which is celebrated
in the famous _Ludwigslied_. During the same years, another Viking
host invaded Saxony winning a decisive victory over Duke Bruno on the
Lüneburg Heath. After their defeat at Saucourt the main body of the
Danes made their way to Elsloo on the Meuse whence they ravaged the
Meuse, Rhine and Moselle districts plundering Cologne, Bonn, Coblentz,
Aachen, Trèves and Metz. So alarmed was the emperor Charles the Fat
that he entered into negotiations with the Danish king Guðröðr who
was with the forces at Elsloo. He secured Guðröðr's acceptance of
Christianity and the promise of security from further attack at the
price of a large payment of Danegeld and the concession to Guðröðr of
the province once held by Hroerekr, with large additions. The exact
extent of the grant is uncertain, but it included the district of
Kinnem (round Alkmaar and Haarlem) and probably covered the greater
part of Modern Holland from the Vlie to the Scheldt. Here Guðröðr
lived in semi-independence and might perhaps have established another
Normandy within the empire had he not been ruined by too great
ambition. He entirely failed to defend his province from attacks,
indeed he probably gave them covert support; he intrigued with Hugo,
the bastard son of Lothair II, against the emperor, married his sister
Gisla, and then asked for additional territories on the Rhine and the
Moselle, on the plea that his own province included no vine-growing
districts. Guðröðr had now overstepped all reasonable limits: the
emperor entered into negotiations with him but secured his death by
treachery when a meeting was arranged near Cleves. With the fall of
Guðröðr Danish rule in Frisia came to an end, and though we hear of
isolated attacks even during the early years of the 10th century, there
was no more serious trouble in that district.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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