When the English invasion had failed, those who could not settle in
England returned to their French haunts once more. A small force of
eight ships and some 200 men sailed up the Seine under one 'Huncdeus'
and gradually their numbers were increased by fresh arrivals from
abroad. They made their way north to the Meuse, south to the Loire, and
east to Burgundy, but their head quarters were on the lower waters of
the Seine. In 903 other invaders appeared on the Loire under leaders
named Baret (O.N. Bárðr) and Heric (O.N. Eiríkr). The name of Bárðr is
mentioned more than once in the contemporary history of the Norsemen
in Ireland, and as the Norsemen were driven from Dublin in 902 it is
probable that these invaders came from there. The expedition was not
a success and the Vikings soon sailed away again. Of the history of
the settlers on the Seine after 900 we unfortunately know practically
nothing. The Norman historian Dudo attempted in the 11th century to
give a connected account but his narrative is confused and unreliable.
Odo was dead and Charles the Simple was more interested in conquering
Lorraine than defending Neustria. The clergy were weary of the
ceaseless spoiling of the monasteries and anxious for the conversion
of the heathen, while the nobles were, as usual, selfish and careless
of the interests of the country at large. The Northmen made no great
expeditions between 900 and 910, but maintained a steady hold on the
Lower Seine and the districts of Bessin and Cotentin. They could not
extend their territories and the Franks could not drive them from the
Seine. At length, largely through the intervention of the clergy, a
meeting was arranged between Charles and the Viking leader Rollo at St
Clair-sur-Epte, before the end of 911. Here the province later known
as Normandy (including the counties of Rouen, Lisieux, Evreux and the
district between the rivers Bresle and Epte and the sea) was given
to Rollo and his followers as a _beneficium_, on condition that he
defended the kingdom against attack, and himself accepted Christianity.
The Danes now formed a definite part of the Frankish kingdom and
occupied a position analogous to that of their countrymen in East
Anglia, Northumbria and Mercia in England, except that the latter after
a period of freedom had in course of time to pass definitely under
English rule.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account