This and other evidence prepare us for the establishment, in the
tenth century, of the most characteristic of all Viking settlements,
that of Jómsborg on the Island of Wollin at the mouth of the Oder.
According to tradition King Gorm the Old conquered a great kingdom in
Wendland, but it was to his son Harold Bluetooth that the definite
foundation of Jómsborg was ascribed. For many years there had been
an important trading centre at Julin on the Island of Wollin, where
traders from Scandinavia, Saxony, Russia and many other lands met
together to take part in the rich trade between north and south, east
and west, which passed through Julin, standing as it did on one of the
great waterways of central Europe. Large finds of Byzantine and Arabic
coins bear witness to the extensive trade with Greece and the Orient
which passed through Julin, while the Silberberg, on which Jómsborg
once stood, is so called from the number of silver coins from Frisia,
Lorraine, Bavaria and England which have been found there. It was no
doubt in the hope of securing some fuller share in this trade that
Harold established the great fortress of Jómsborg and entrusted its
defence to a warrior-community on whom he imposed the strictest rules
of organisation. The story of the founding of Jómsborg is told in the
late and untrustworthy _Jómsvikingasaga_, but, while we must reject
many of the details there set forth, it is probable that the rules of
the settlement as given there are based on a genuine tradition, and
they give us a vivid picture of life in a Viking warrior-community. No
one under eighteen or over fifty years of age was admitted to their
fellowship, and neither birth nor friendship, only personal bravery,
could qualify a man for admission. No one was allowed to continue a
member who uttered words of fear, or who fled before one who was his
equal in arms and strength. Every member was bound to avenge a fallen
companion as if he were his brother. No women were allowed within the
community, and no one was to be absent for more than three days without
permission. All news was to be told in the first instance to their
leader and all plunder was to be shared at a common stake. The harbour
of Jómsborg could shelter a fleet of 300 vessels and was protected by
a mole with twelve iron gates.
The Jómsvikings played an important if stormy part in the affairs of
the three Scandinavian kingdoms in the later years of the 10th and the
early 11th century. Many of them came to England in the train of king
Svein, while Jarl Thorkell was for a time in the service of Ethelred
the Unready. The decline of Jómsborg as a Viking stronghold dates from
its devastation by Magnus the Good in 1043, but the importance of Julin
as a trading centre continued unimpaired for many years to come.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account