=Newman, David=, 18, Woodside Place, Glasgow, N.B. M.D. Glasg. (with high commendations), 1883; M.B. Glasg. and C.M. 1878; F.F.P.S. Glasg. 1881 (Univs. Glasg. and Leipsig); Mem. Philos. Path. and Clin. and Med. and Chir. Socs. Glasg.; Exam. in Physiol. and Path. Univ. Glasg.; Extra. Disp. Surg. Western Infirm. Contrib. “Some Physical Experiments relating to the functions of the Kidneys,” “Journ. Anat. and Physiol.,” etc., etc. _Held a License for Vivisection at University Glasgow Physiological Laboratory in 1879-81-82-83. Certificates dispensing with obligation to kill in 1881-82-83. No Experiments returned at the above place. Mr. Newman might also perform experiments at Glasgow Royal Infirmary Medical School, and under his Certificates was not limited to a registered place._ =Nicolaides, R.= M.D.; Prof. of Physiol., Athens Univ. Contrib. to Du Bois Reymond’s Archiv, for 1882. Made experiments in the Physiol. Lab., Athens. =Nothnagel, Herrmann.= B. 1841 in Alt, Lietzgöricke, Brandenburg. Studied at Berlin; Asst. of Leyden at Königsberg, and Instruct. at Univ., 1863; Prof. Univ. Berlin, 1868; Prof. Breslau, 1870; Prof. Freiburg, in Baden, 1872; Prof. Clin. Med. and Path. Med. Fac. Univ. Jena, 1874. Author of “Ueber den epsileptischen Anfall,” 1870; “Ueber Neuritis in diagnostischer und pathologischer Beziehung,” 1870; “Die symptomologie der Darmgeschwüre,” 1881. Contrib. to “Handbuch der Krankheiten des Nerven systems,” 1874; and to “Ziemssen’s Cyclopædia of Medicine.” “Nothnagel considers himself justified in concluding from his experiments on rabbits that all the will fibres, without exception, traverse the lenticular nucleus. This is denied by the French investigators, who attribute the complete annihilation of voluntary movement, which Nothnagel achieved by the injection of caustic solutions into both lenticular nuclei, to a simultaneous destruction of the internal capsule which, owing to the small size of the lenticular nuclei in the rabbit, might easily have been overlooked on dissection. Nothnagel, however, has lately published a brief statement, in which he adheres to his original assertion.”--Kussmaul, “_On Disturbances of Speech_,” _Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med._, Vol. XIV., London, 1878, p. 680. “Unfortunately, the results of experiments upon animals, as respects the exact localisation of lesions, cannot be transferred directly to the case of man, except that we have reason to believe, through an important experiment of Hitzig’s upon an ape, that the motor centres for the nerves of the extremities and the cranial nerves lie in the gyrus præcentralis, or centralis anterior (Huschke, Ecker), in other words, that affections of the cortical substance of this convolution may produce motor paralysis.”--Nothnagel, “_Anemia of the Brain_,” _Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med._, Vol. XII., London, 1877, p. 152.