“I will take one instance from certain experiments performed by Professor Rutherford, and reported in the _British Medical Journal_. I refer to the series of experiments commenced December the 14th, 1878. These experiments were 31 in number; no doubt there were hundreds of dogs sacrificed upon other series of experiments, but now I am only referring to one set beginning as I say on the 14th of December, 1878. There were in this set 31 experiments, but no doubt many more than 31 dogs were sacrificed. All were performed on dogs, and the nature of them was this: The dogs were starved for many hours. They were then fastened down; the abdomen was cut open; the bile duct was dissected out and cut; a glass tube was tied into the bile duct and brought outside the body. The duct leading to the gall-bladder was then closed by a clamp and various drugs was placed into the intestines at its upper part. The result of these experiments was simply nothing at all--I mean it led to no increase of knowledge whatever, and no one can be astonished at that, because these wretched beasts were placed in such circumstances--their condition was so abnormal--that the ordinary and universally recognised effect of well-known drugs was not produced. These experiments were performed without anæsthetics--the animals were experimented upon under the influence of a drug called curari.”--_Mr. Reid’s Speech in the House of Commons, April 4th, 1883._ “In your judgment and your own experience, are operations of that description upon a dog to be taken as being evidence of what the effect would be on the human being?--Certainly not, but merely as suggesting what the action would be; that is all. The experiment must also be tried upon man before a conclusion can be drawn.”--_Evid. Roy. Com._ Q. 2966. “What is the rule by which you guide yourself in determining whether animals shall be rendered insensible to pain or not?--When the mode of rendering them insensible to pain would interfere with the due result being obtained from the experiment, we do not so render them. Is that any large proportion of the experiments?--I should say a considerable proportion. Would it be more than half the experiments?--I should have a difficulty in saying how many, but I should think about half the experiments that I have done.”--_Ibid._, 2841-3. “Where did you study physiology yourself?--I studied it in Berlin chiefly. I had to go there to have a whole course of experiments performed for my special benefit; there was a great expenditure of time and teaching power, and also of animals, to teach me alone.”--_Ibid._, Q. 2867. =Sanderson, John Burdon=, Physiol. Lab. Univ. Mus. Oxford, M.D. Edin., 1851; F.R.C.P. Lond., 1863, M. (Exam.) 1855 (Edin.); LL.D., F.R.S.; Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc.; late Jodrell Prof. of Physiol., Univ. College; Waynflete Prof. of Physiol., Oxford; late Phys. Consump. Hosp. Brompton; Asst. Phys. and Lect. Middlesex Hosp.; Mem. Assoc. for Advancement of Medicine by Research.