“I cannot imagine that any man in his senses would attempt to remove a human lung with a tumour in it. It would not be resection of parts of four ribs which would permit the removal of a tumour sufficiently large to admit of accurate diagnosis; and I cannot observe, in the literature just at the moment accessible, that any other kinds of tumours occur in the lung, save those of hydatid origin, and those of a cancerous nature. If the tumour were hydatid, the removal of lung would be unnecessary. If the tumour proved to be an aneurysm, the disaster would be awful.… The facility with which Dr. Biondi has removed lungs, and parts of lungs, from dogs, guinea-pigs, cats, fowls, pigeons, and sheep, and the absence of mortality from such operations, is likely to be a snare rather than a help. It does not need saying, that the removal of a healthy lung, collapsed by the introduction of air into the pleura, would be a very easy matter, and very different from the removal of a diseased and adherent organ. There would be as much difference as there is between normal ovariotomy and removal of a pyosalpinx. It is perfectly clear that these animals, with their deep and narrow chests, differ very much from us with our wide and shallow cavities, in their power of enduring the accident of acute pneumothorax; certainly they would differ from us immensely in the facility with which pneumonotomy may be performed. Their chests are built for the endurance of the special efforts of great speed, and we have lost those physical characters; and I venture to say that, if acute pneumothorax were suddenly inflicted upon sixty-three healthy adult human beings, death would be the immediate result in the great majority of the experiments.”--_Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., Brit. Med. Journ., June 20, 1884._ =Birch, J. de Burgh=, Barnard Castle, Durham. M.D. Edin. (Gold Medallist), 1880, M.B. and C.M., 1877; (Bristol and Edin. Univ.); F.R.S.E.; late Demonst. of Physiol. Univ. Edin. Contributed “Constitution and Relations of Bone Lamellæ, Lacunæ, and Canaliculi, and some effects of Trypsin Digestion on Bone,” Journ. Physiol. Vol. II.; also contrib. to Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. and Centralb. d. Med. Wiss. _Held a License for Vivisection at University of Edinburgh, Lecture Room and Physiological Laboratory 1878 and in 1879. Certificate in 1879 for Illustrations of Lectures; no experiments returned._ =Bischoff, Theodor Ludwig W.= M.D. (Deceased.) Late Prof. Anat. and Physiol. Munich.