“Alcohols administered in a slow and continuous manner were found to give rise to various disorders. Vomiting of biliary matter and glairy mucus together with more or less severe diarrhœa were observed. Difficulty of breathing, muscular tremor, and even paresis of the hinder extremities were also recorded. Examination after death revealed congestive changes of the alimentary canal and of the liver, but no hepatic cirrhosis. Well-marked hyperæmia of the lungs and atheroma of the large vessels, especially the aorta were also detected.… Absinthe when given to the animals gave rise to great excitement with muscular contracture and cutaneous hyperæsthesia.”--_Lancet_, June 30th, 1883. “… We must not overlook the extreme sensitiveness of the mucous membrane which lines the ducts; we have just seen that an injection into the biliary ducts of water mixed with a small quantity of acetic acid produces in dogs acute pain.”--_Collection de Thèses pour le Doctorat_, Paris, 1874, p. 27. The biliary ducts of a curarised dog dissected out and then excited by electricity so as to produce spasms.--_Ibid._ =Axenfeld, Alexandre=, Camerino, Italy. Prof. pathologie médicale, Med. Faculty, Paris. Contributed to “Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales,” Paris, 1880. =Bacchi, M. E.= M.D., Turin, Laureate Univ., Turin; M.D. Paris, 1874; Prof. Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Paris. Author of “Contribution à l’étude de l’étiologie de la sclérochoroïdite postérieure, Paris, 1874.” This Thesis also describes experiments in which neuralgic pains are produced by the application of electricity to the orbital nerves of a rabbit--the torture being continued for from half-an-hour to an hour daily from September 14th to October 30th. Exper. IV. “I exposed the upper orbital nerve on the left side of another rabbit, and then I poured on to it a few drops of a strong solution of acetic acid. The pain was so violent that the animal emitted heartrending shrieks and writhed in the throes of a violent agony.”--_Collection de Thèse pour le Doctorat_, Paris, 1874, pp. 59 and 61. =Baginsky, Benno.= M.D. Berlin, 1872. Contrib. “Über die Folgen der Drucksteigerung in der Paukenhöhle,” Virchow’s Archiv., 1881. Made experiments on dogs in the Veterinary School of Berlin. =Balbiani= (Prof.). Prof. Embryology, Coll. de France. Made experiments by varnishing the skins of animals, especially rabbits and guinea-pigs.--_Traité de physiologie, Béclard_, Paris, 1880, Vol. I., p. 495. Chiefly known as an Embryologist.