_Held a License for Vivisection at University Glasgow Physiological Laboratory in 1879 and Certificate dispensing with obligation to kill before recovery from Anæsthetics._ =Beaunis, Henri Etienne.= Prof, of Physiology, Med. Faculty, Nancy. Author of “Nouveaux éléments de Physiologie humaine,” Paris, 1876; joint author with M. Bouchard of “Éléments d’Anatomie descriptive et d’Embryologie,” 1873. Devotes several chapters of his work on Physiology to a detail of the necessary arrangements of the physiological laboratory, and particularly recommends students to study physiology by vivisecting frogs, as being more readily procured than other animals, and easily held by pinning them on a piece of cork. =Béclard, Jules=, au Siége de l’Académie, 39, Rue des Saints-Pères. B. 1818; M.D. Paris, 1842; Professor of Physiology Med. Faculty, Paris; Perpetual Sec. Acad. of Medicine, &c. Author of “Traité élémentaire de Physiologie,” Paris, 1880; “Expériences constatant l’électricité du sang chez les animaux vivants,” Metz, 1863. Contributed to “Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales,” Paris, 1880. “When by the aid of appropriate means, we suppress in animals the cutaneous evaporation, and thus absolutely prevent the discharge of water, vapour, and carbonic acid, grave disorders are set up little by little, terminating in death. In order thus to suppress the functions of the skin, it is advisable to lay bare, by means of shaving closely, the whole of the skin of a dog, sheep, rabbit, or horse, and to cover the exposed surface with a thick drying varnish. Animals thus treated succumb at the expiration of various periods, but they rarely survive twelve hours. After death the tissues and organs are found gorged with black blood. It is probable that the accumulated carbonic acid has brought on slow asphyxia. When the pulmonary outlet is sealed up, the asphyxia is rapid.”--_Traité de Physiologie_, Béclard, Paris, 1880, Vol. I., p. 495. =Béclard, Pierre Augustin.= B. 1785, d. 1825. Assistant to M. Roux, 1809; Prosector Med. Faculty Paris, 1811; Prof. Anat., 1818; Mem. Acad. of Med., 1820. Made experiments jointly with Legallois on the Act of Vomiting.--_Traité de Physiologie_, Béclard, Paris, 1880, Vol. I., p. 62. Author of “Additions à l’Anatomie générale de X. Bichat,” Paris, 1821; “Éléments d’Anatomie générale,” Paris, 1823; Traité Élémentaire de Physiologie, Septième Edition, Part I., Paris, 1880; Part II., 1884. =Bégin, Louis Jaques.= B. at Liège, 1793; d. 1859. Prof. Physiol., Military Gymnasium, Metz, 1821; M.D. Strasbourg, 1823; Prof. Anat., Physiol. and Surgery, Med. Faculty, Strasbourg; Pres. Acad. of Med., Paris, 1847; Mem. of numerous foreign learned societies. Author of “Traité de Physiologie pathologique,” 1828, &c.; contributed Art. “Vomissement,” “Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales.” =Behrend, F.= Student, Berlin.