There were other, less popular, styles of shell beads and beadwork.[221] Sometimes small discoidal beads (probably quahog and periwinkle) were used instead of the tubular wampum for beadwork, as necklaces, bracelets, and hair ornaments. Like wampum, these beads were white and purple in color.[222] There were also large tubular shell beads that were strung for necklaces.[223] Bone and seeds were also used for beads,[224] and early explorers report necklaces of variously colored stones.[225] Besides jewelry, the Wampanoags used painting and tattooing as means of personal adornment. Tattooing was done by two techniques. A sharp instrument was used to pierce and lift a small area of skin, and black pigment was inserted into the wound. By repeating these small incisions close together, decorative lines were formed. This form of tattooing was done on the cheeks; the patterns were zoomorphic “... as Beares, Deares, Mooses, Wolves, &c., some of fowls, as of Eagles, Hawkes, &c....”[226] The other technique of tattooing was accomplished by “branding” with a hot iron. Geometrical shapes were applied to the arms and chest by this method.[227] Body painting was done in red, yellow, white, and black. Red powder was sometimes put onto the hair.[228] The body and hair were prepared for painting by a thorough greasing; the grease provided a bond for the pigment.[229] Different colors might be used on various sections of the face, or a single color might be used for the whole face.[230] Both men and women wore paint. Paint was worn for mourning, for war ceremonial or festive occasions, and for games.[231] Warriors used lurid coloring to make them appear more terrible to the enemy.[232] Painting the face black, with soot and ashes, was a symbol of mourning.[233] There were undoubtedly many other associations between styles of painting and specific events or social groups, but they were not recorded by seventeenth century observers. =Hairdressing=: Of hairdressing, Lechford reported: “They cut their haire of divers formes, according to their Nation or people so that you may know a people by their cut....”[234] There was also variation in hairstyle within the social group. An unmarried girl could be distinguished from a married women by her hair style.[235] At marriage, the women’s hair was cut off, and until her hair grew back she wore a covering on her head.[236] A young man who was not yet a warrior could be identified by his short haircut.[237] Further variation noted among the adults of the same tribe may mean that various kin groups used distinctive styles of hairdressing.[238] Long hair was highly prized, and wearing the hair in a tight “pony tail” was said to make it grow faster.[239] Hairdressing was a daily activity which involved oiling and, according to one writer, dyeing.[240]